心理学研究中的还原主义问题考察  

Exploring Reductionist Issues in Psychological Research

作　　者：葛鲁嘉[1] 陈雷[1] Ge Lujia;Chen Lei(School of Philosophy and Sociology,Jilin University,Changchun 130012)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学哲学社会学院,长春130012

出　　处：《心理学探新》2018年第4期291-296,共6页Psychological Exploration

摘　　要：还原主义是主导心理学研究的非常重要的理论原则。其核心思想是认为,世界是分层的梯级系统,可以通过已知的、低层级的事物或理论来解释与说明未知的、高层级的事物或理论。实证的科学心理学在自己的起步的阶段,曾经把物理学当成了自己的榜样,当成了自己的标准。心理学在解说人的心理行为的过程中,就把心理行为的规律归结为物理主义的规律。生物决定论观点认为人的心理或行为主要受人的生物因素所决定,人类的社会行为、人格乃至社会生活的基本方面都决定于这些个体、群体、种族或人种的生物因素。还原论与还原方法既有联系又存在着质的差别。还原论在心理学的研究中有其合理的地方。这也就可以区分出所谓的物理主义的还原,化学分析的还原、生物决定的还原、生理机制的还原、社会决定的还原、文化制约的还原,等等。在表面上看,心理学研究中的还原主义是一种简单化的或简约化的研究处理。但是,在深层上看,心理学研究却借助于还原论而形成了自己的研究框架。并且,这也是将各自不同学科的相关的探索转换成为了心理学的学术性资源。The reductionism is the very important principle of theory in psychological research. Its core thought is that world has layers.Those unknown and high-level things or theories might be interpreted and explained by the given and low-level things or theories. At its original stage positivist or scientific psychology took physics as its own model and standard. In the process of explaining human mind and behavior psychology might take its rule as physicalist that. The viewpoint of biological determinism is that human mind and behavior would be mainly determined by human biological factors. That is,human social behavior,personality and social life would be determined by the biological factors of individual,group,racial and ethnic factors. Reductionism and reductionist method have relationship and deference of nature. There are rational aspects of reductionism in research of psychology. Those can been distinguished into physicalist,chemical analysis,biological determined,physiological mechanist,sociological determinist,cultural restrict and so on. Outwardly reductionism in the psychological research is the simplified or briefed handle. But deeply psychology has constructed its own research framework with the aid of that. Furthermore it would take deferent explorations from disciplines into academic resources in psychology.

关 键 词：心理学 还原主义 物理主义 生物主义 反还原论 

分 类 号：B84-0[哲学宗教—基础心理学]