被告人在公诉案件中的角色定位  

The Role of the Defendant in the Case of Public Prosecution

作　　者：李文军 LI Wen-jun(Human Rights Institute,Southwest University of Political Science and Law,Chongqing 401120,China)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学人权研究院,重庆401120

出　　处：《时代法学》2018年第5期91-98,共8页Presentday Law Science

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金面上资助(编号:2018M633624XB)

摘　　要：现代职权主义诉讼结构庭审强调审问被告人的程序前置,即在调查证据之前首先就指控的犯罪事实讯问被告人,但并非以此作为查明案件事实真相的方法。我国1996年《刑事诉讼法》将以往由主审法官审问被告人,转向了以公诉方讯问被告人为主。公诉方在庭审调查前讯问被告人,与原刑诉法中主审法官讯问被告人相同,是一种传统强制性讯问方式的延续。尽管刑诉法和司法解释没有对此作出明文规定,但公诉人在讯问之前通常会告知被告人"必须如实回答"。公诉人的强制讯问明显削弱了被告人的主体地位,导致其诉讼角色定位的客体化,与其在刑诉程序中的"当事人"主体地位不符,并使公诉方和法庭往往过度依赖被告人的有罪供述。被告人诉讼角色定位的现代转型,需保障被告人答辩和提出异议权利,以及贯彻落实不强迫自证其罪原则。The traditional inquisitorial system litigation structure trial emphasizes the procedural prerequisites when interrogating the defendant. That is, the prosecution of the accused before the investigation of the evidence, but not as a means of identifying the truth of the case. China＇s 1996 ＂Criminal Procedure Law＂ turned the past trial judge questioning the defendant to the prosecutor interrogating the defendant mainly. This is the same as the trial judge inten＇ogating the defendant in the former criminal procedure law, and it is a mandatory substantive interrogation procedure. Though the criminal procedure law and judicial interpretation do not regulate such interrogation way, the public prosecutor usually will tell the defendant to ＂must answer truthfully＂ before interrogating. The compulsory interrogation of the public prosecutor obviously weakened the defendant＇s subjective status, leading to the objectification of the litigation role, and it was not consistent with the ＂party＂ status in the criminal procedure and was easy to make the prosecution and the court overly rely on the defendant＇s guilty confession. The change of the role of the defendant litigation needs to guarantee the defendant to defend and the right to raise an objection as well as to implement the principle ofnot complying to self-incrimination.

关 键 词：被告人 公诉案件 诉讼角色 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]