明渠水流相似模拟超声速气体空腔流动的研究  

Modeling supersonic gas cavity flows with open-channel water flows

作　　者：张锦松 谭磊[1] 刘俊[2] 韩亚东 刘敏江 ZHANG Jinsong;TAN Lei;LIU Jun;HAN Yadong;LIU Minjiang(Department of Energy and Power Engineering,State Key Laboratory of Hydro Science and Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084;China Aerodynamic Research and Development Center,Mianyang,Sichuan 621000)

机构地区：[1]清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室能源与动力工程系,北京100084 [2]中国空气动力研究与发展中心,四川绵阳621000

出　　处：《水力发电学报》2018年第9期47-53,共7页Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51809148);水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室开放基金(sklhse-2018-E-01);水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室科研课题(2018-KY-02)

摘　　要：基于热力学、流体力学基本关系式,采用微积分变换,推导了超声速气体流动和明渠流动的相似模拟的基本公式,总结了相似参数的对应关系、限制条件及应用范围。基于特征线法设计了喷管,并设计搭建了明渠水流试验台,采用高速相机和压力脉动传感器,完成了明渠空腔水流流动的试验。试验结果表明,弗劳德数为2.0、流量为11 m3/h的空腔流动,其压力脉动主频为2.09 Hz。本文通过试验验证了可压缩气体流动与明渠水流流动之间的相似性,该研究方法在国防工业中具有广阔的应用前景。This study derives formulas of the similarity between compressible gas flows and open-channel water flows through calculus transformation based on the basic relationships of thermodynamics and hydrodynamics, and obtains mapping relationships between similarity parameters, their application scope, and the limiting factors. We design a specific nozzle based on the method of characteristics, construct an open-channel flow test stand, and conduct tests on cavity flows in the open channel, using a high speed camera and fluctuating pressure sensors for measurements. The experimental results verify the similarity between compressible gas flows and open channel flows, and show that the cavity flow has a dominant pressure fluctuating frequency of 2.09 Hz when its Froude number is 2.0 and flow rate 11 m3/h. Thus, this study would help model supersonic gas cavity flows experimentally using a more convenient openchannel flow approach.

关 键 词：可压缩气体流动 明渠流动 空腔流动 马赫数 弗劳德数 

分 类 号：TH311[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]