中国汉族成人后牙区硬腭黏膜厚度及组织学结构研究  

Palatal mucosa thickness measurement in a Chinese population and the histologic characteristics of different layers

作　　者：范雅丹 葛琳华[1] 束蓉 FAN Yadan;GE Linhua;SHU Rong(Department of Periodontology,Ninth People＇ s Hospital,Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicin;Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology ＆ Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatolog;National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology,Shanghai 200011,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学附属第九人民医院牙周病科,上海市口腔医学重点实验室/上海市口腔医学研究所,国家口腔疾病临床研究中心,上海200011

出　　处：《口腔医学》2018年第9期795-799,共5页Stomatology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81570977);上海市教育委员会高原高峰学科建设计划(2015523)

摘　　要：目的本文测量中国汉族人群中后牙区硬腭黏膜的厚度,分析其变化规律及相关因素,观察硬腭黏膜固有层结缔组织各组织学层次的厚度、特点及分布规律。方法 36例患者根据牙龈生物型(gingiva biotype)分为三组,使用骨探测法(bone sounding)测量由尖牙至第二磨牙腭侧共45个位点硬腭黏膜的厚度,采集牙周软组织增量手术中移植软组织修剪下来的剩余组织,筛选具有硬腭黏膜全层的样本,采用免疫组化技术,镜下观察结缔组织的组织学特点及分布规律。结果硬腭黏膜平均厚度(3.52±1.02)mm、尖牙区为(3.26±0.81)mm、第一前磨牙区为(3.57±1.05)mm、第二前磨牙区为(3.72±1.04)mm、第一磨牙区为(3.33±0.96)mm、第二磨牙区为(3.73±1.11)mm;硬腭黏膜的厚度与性别、年龄无显著相关性,与牙龈生物型之间存在统计学差异;HE染色显示硬腭黏膜结缔组织层具有致密的胶原纤维,由第二前磨牙区域开始出现明显的黏膜下层,在第一磨牙区域多见疏松结缔组织,内含大量脂肪组织、血管、腺体等。结论在中国汉族人群中硬腭黏膜厚度由尖牙向后逐渐增厚,在第一磨牙区变薄,向第二磨牙区再次变厚;在尖牙、第一前磨牙和第二磨牙区可见由龈缘向腭中缝处黏膜厚度逐渐变厚;硬腭黏膜固有层含有致密的结缔组织,由第二前磨牙区开始出现黏膜下层,含大量脂肪组织、血管、腺体等。Objective To measure the thickness of palatal mucosa in a Chinese population, analyze the change rules and relevant factors, and observe the thickness, histologie characteristics, and distribution rules in different layers. Methods Measurements of the palatal mucosa were obtained in 45 measure points, from 36 adults who were divided into three groups according to gingiva biotypes by bone sounding method. And residual soft tissues were collected from the palatal graft of periodontal augmentation procedures and stained using Harris hematoxylin. The platal mucosa with entire layers were selected as samples, and immunohistochemistry technology was ap- plied to observe the histologic characteristics and distribution rules of connective tissues under the microscope.Biopsies with all layers of palatal mucosa were chosen for further histologic analysis. Results The overall mean thickness of palatal masticatory mucosa was （ 3.52 ± 1.02） mm, （ 3.26±0.81 ） mm in canine region, （ 3.57 ± 1.05 ） mm in the first premolar region, （ 3.72± 1.04） mm in the second premolar region, （3.33±0.96）mm in the first molar region, （3.73± 1.11 ）mm in the second molar region. No difference was observed between genders and ages. An association was observed between the thickness and biotypes. HE staining showed that the layer of connective tis- sues of palatal mucosa had dense eollagenous fiber, the thickness of lamina propria increased from canine region to the first premolar region and then decreased toward the posterior palatal area. The submucosa layers were obvious in the second premolar region, loose connective tissues were seen in the first molar region, while the posterior palatal area contained abundant adipose tissue, vessels and glands. Conclusions In the Chines population, the thickness of palatal mucosa decreases from the canine to the posterior palatal area and increases in the second molar area. And the thickness of palatal mucosa increases from gingival margin to the midpalatal suture in the canine, t

关 键 词：硬腭黏膜厚度 牙龈生物型 HE染色 

分 类 号：R780.2[医药卫生—口腔医学]