氮素形态和水平对茶树生理特性的影响  

Effects of nitrogen forms and nitrogen levels on the physiological characteristics of tea plants

作　　者：胡国策 蒋家月[1] 田坤红 潘铖 江昌俊[1] 李叶云[1] HU Guoce, JIANG Jiayue, TIAN Kunhong, PAN Cheng, JIANG Changjun, LI Yeyun(State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 23003)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学茶树生物学与资源利用国家重点实验室,合肥230036

出　　处：《安徽农业大学学报》2018年第4期588-593,共6页Journal of Anhui Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0200902);安徽省高校自然科学研究项目(KJ2018A0133)共同资助

摘　　要：以一年生舒茶早(C. sinensis cv.‘Shuchazao’)扦插苗为材料研究不同氮素形态和氮素水平对茶树叶片光合作用、叶片含氮量和氮素利用相关基因的影响。结果表明,在氮素形态上,铵硝比例3:1和2:2处理茶树叶片光合作用能力显著高于其他处理组;铵硝比例3:1组叶片含氮量显著高于其他组;铵硝比例2:2的谷氨酰胺合成酶基因(GS)的表达量最高,全铵处理组表达量最低,只有铵硝比例2:2处理组的66.67%。铵硝比例2:2的谷氨酸合成酶基因(GOGAT)的表达量最高,铵硝比例1:3表达量最低,只有铵硝比例2:2组的20%。在氮素水平上,正常氮素营养液培养下,茶树叶片的光合作用和叶片含氮量显著高于不含氮和4倍氮处理组;茶树叶片的GS和GOGAT基因的表达量也最高,分别是4倍氮素处理组的1.3倍和2.1倍,是不含氮素处理组的5.2倍和5.0倍。综合来看,茶园施肥需要铵硝配比施肥并适当提高铵态氮含量,同时不宜过度施肥,不仅造成肥料浪费还可能不利于茶树生长。The effects of different nitrogen forms and nitrogen levels on the photosynthesis, leaf nitrogen contents and genes related to nitrogen usage were studied using annual cuttage seedlings of C. sinensis cv. ‘Shuchazao＇） under hydroponic culture as experimental materials. Our results showed that among the varied nitrogen forms, when the ratio of NH4＋-N/NO3-N in the nutrient solution was 3：1 or 2：2, the photosynthesis of leaves gained an outstanding higher level than other treatments; the highest leaf nitrogen content was certified with a NH4＋-N/NO3--N ratio of 3：1; the glutamine synthetase （GS） gene obtained the highest expression with a NH4＋-N/NOa--N ratio of 2：2, while it reached the lowest level under the treatment of only ammonium, achieving only 66.67% of that with a NH4＋-N/NO3--N ratio of 2：2; and under a NHa＋-N/NOa--N ratio of 2：2, glutamate synthase （GOGAT） gene reached the highest expression level, while it got the lowest expression with a NH4＋-N/NOa--N ratio of 1：3, merely reaching 20% of that with the ratio of 2：2. Among the treatments of different nitrogen levels, in normal nitrogen nutrient solution, the photosynthesis and nitrogen contents in tea leaves were significantly higher than those of nitrogen-free treatment or the treatment with four times of normal nitrogen level, while the expression levels of GS and GOGAT were both the highest, reaching 1.3 times and 2.1 times as high as those under the treatment with four times of the normal nitrogen level, respectively, and achieving 5.2 and 5.0 times as high as those under nitrogen-free treatment, severally. In conclusion, from a comprehensive perspective, fertilizers should be applied with a proper ratio ofNH4＋-N/NOa--N in tea gardens. In general, ammonium nitrogen ought to be applied in an appropriately high level; however, excessive application of fertilization would lead to a waste of fertilizers, which should be avoided as it is unfavorable to the growth of tea plants.

关 键 词：氮素形态 氮素水平 光合作用 GS GOGAT 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]