民国学者的七绝体式批评及其方法论意义——以冯振、胡小石为中心  

Study on the Pattern of Seven-character Quatrain in the Republic of China and the Methodological Significance——Focusing on Feng Zhen and Hu Xiaoshi

作　　者：李江峰[1] Li Jiangfeng(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Shandong Normal University,Jinan Shandong,250014)

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学文学院,山东济南250014

出　　处：《山东师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2018年第4期23-38,共16页Journal of Shandong Normal University(Humanities and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：体式探讨是民国学者七绝研究的两个重心之一,其代表性著作为冯振《七言绝句作法举隅》和胡小石《唐人七绝诗论》。前者以诗中对诗意组织有重要作用的"特征字"为标准并兼顾诗句之间的意义类型,分析所选诗作为五十六种;后者则首次提出"勾勒字"的概念,以"勾勒字"与诗中的时空变换特征为标准,结合创作实际,分析七绝结构类型为"正格"十七种和"变格"一种。从诗学史的角度看,冯、胡二著是对古代诗学中分格总结诗歌篇章结构与总结诗中用字两种理论体式的革命性综合,冯著根植传统,胡著则更具时代性特征。在"西学东渐"的时代背景中,冯著采用传统的诗学论著体例,"以归纳之方法,阐七绝之结构";胡著则部分借用"外来的意念"来"照清楚"七绝体式结构,殊途同归,皆成楷模。这启发我们:研究中国的学术问题,固然需要"外来的意念"之启发,但更重要的是以比较的方法与眼光,"把中国还给中国"。The discussion on patterns is one of the two focuses of the seven-character quatrain study, represented by the works of Synecdoche of Seven-character Quatrain Creation by Feng Zhen and On Seven-character Quatrain in Tang Dynasty by Hu Xiaoshi. The former takes as the standard the ＂characteristic words＂ which in poetry play a pivotal role in building poem meanings, giving consideration to the types of meaning between the lines, and classifies the selected poems into 56 categories. The latter advances for the first time the concept of ＂outlining words＂, takes as the standard the ＂outlining words＂ and the characteristic of time-space transformation, and in combination with the realities of creation, classifies the structural forms into 17 ＂orthodox forms＂ and one ＂changed form＂. From the perspective of the history of poetics, the works of Feng Zhen and Hu Xiaoshi both integrate radically the two theoretical patterns of the summary of discourse structures of poems and the summary of the rules of the usage of words in poet~ in ancient Chinese poetic forms. Feng＇ s book is more traditional while Hu＇ s is endowed with the characteristic of the time. Under the background of the era of ＂Western learning spreading to the East＂, the former makes use of the traditional stylistic rules and layout to ＂elaborate on the structure of the seven-character quatrain with the inductive method＂, while the latter borrows the ＂ foreign ideas＂ to ＂ mirror clearly＂ the structure of the seven- character quatrains. They both reach the same goal through different routes and offer a model for later studies. They provide enlightenment to us： the study on Chinese academic problems no doubt needs ＂＇ foreign ideas＂, but, more importantly, needs ＂to return China to China＂ through comparative methods and foresights.

关 键 词：民国学者 七言绝句 冯振 胡小石 《七言绝句作法举隅》 《唐人七绝诗论》 

分 类 号：I041[文学—文学理论]