质疑与回应:环境美德伦理学的合理性辩护  

Problems and Responses:Rationality Defense of Environmental Virtue Ethics

作　　者：张煜[1] Zhang Yu

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学政治与行政学院

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2018年第3期12-19,44,共9页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：环境美德伦理学是近年来在环境伦理学理论研究与理论建构过程中逐渐兴起的一个新的理论形态和研究热点,它在摆脱或规避传统环境伦理学理论局限和困境的同时,同样面临着来自理论与实践层面的双向质疑和批评。概括起来,这些质疑和批评主要包括三个方面:其一,环境美德在环境保护的实践层面缺乏具体而明确的指导性;其二,环境美德在应对和解决环境问题时存在效力上的局限性;其三,环境美德伦理学具有"人类中心主义"的理论倾向。环境美德伦理学的存在与发展必然要求对这些质疑和批评予以客观全面的分析和积极充分的回应。首先,环境美德伦理学的理论重心和使命在于为环境保护提供伦理依据和道德理由,这是由其性质决定的,为环境保护提供具体而明确的行为指导已经超出其能力范围。其次,环境美德伦理学对于人类环境美德的关注和重视是从根本上抓住了环境问题的实质,对于应对和解决环境问题具有非常重要的理论指导意义和积极的实践意义。最后,环境美德伦理学从根本上区别于人类中心主义,它是将环境保护纳入人类对自身德性的至善追求之中,而并非将其视为某种利益的实现途径。而且"人类中心主义"与"自然中心主义"的划分方式本身就是西方形而上学的单向度思维方式的产物,是应当被摒弃的。环境美德伦理学突破了这种非此即彼的"中心主义"理论立场,是实现人与自然走向和谐统一的理论表达和尝试,它与所谓的"人类中心主义"无关。Environmental research and construction limitations and dilemmas virtue ethics is a new theoretical form and research hotspot in the process of theoretical of environmental ethics in recent years. While getting rid of or avoiding the theoretical of traditional environmental ethics, it is also faced with both theoretical and practical problems and criticisms, which mainly include three aspects. First, environmental virtues lack concrete and clear guidance in the practice of environmental protection. Second, environmental virtues have limitations in the efficiency of solving environmental problems. Third, environmental virtue ethics has the research tendency of ＂anthropocentrism＂. The existence and development of environmental virtue ethics inevitably call for an objective and comprehensive analysis and positive response to the problems and criticisms. First, the theoretical focus and mission of environmental virtue ethics ale to provide ethical basis and moral reason for environmental protection, which is determined by its nature. The specific and clear behavior guidance is beyond its capacity. Second, the concem and attention of environmental virtue ethics to human environmental virtues is fundamental to environmental problems, which has very important and positive theoretical and practical significance for dealing with and solving environmental problems. In addition, fundamentally different from anthropocentrism, environmental virtue ethics integrates environmental protection into the supreme pursuit of human virtue, instead of an approach to the achievement of a certain benefit. The division of ＂anthropocentrism＂ and ＂natural centralism＂ is a product of the unilateral thinking method of metaphysics in the west, which should be abandoned, and environmental virtue ethics, which breaks through the unilateral theoretical standpoint, is a theoretical expression and an attempt of realizing harmony and an unity between man and nature. It has nothing to do with ＂anthropocentrism＂.

关 键 词：环境美德伦理学 美德 道德理由 人类中心主义 

分 类 号：B82-058[哲学宗教—伦理学]