英汉时间词特质及其语言蕴含共性  

The peculiarities and implicational universals of English and Chinese temporal terms

作　　者：罗思明[1] 王文斌[2] 王佳敏 

机构地区：[1]宁波大学 [2]北京外国语大学

出　　处：《外语教学与研究》2018年第5期643-655,共13页Foreign Language Teaching and Research

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“英汉时空性特质差异与英汉二语习得的关系研究”(18AYY003);教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目“服务国家战略的外国语言与外语教育创新研究”(16JJD740002)子课题“汉外语言对比及外语学习者语言研究”;浙江省哲学社科规划课题“英汉时间词特质及其语言蕴含共性”(19NDJC110YB)阶段性成果.

摘　　要：本文从类型学角度,基于较为丰富的语料探究英汉时间词的典型特质及其语言蕴含共性,并试图做出认知阐释。研究发现主要有四:1)英语时间词具有未来取向,汉语时间词具有过去取向,英汉语分属未来取向语言和过去取向语言;2)英语时间词具有精确表义取向,汉语时间词具有模糊表义取向,英汉语分属精确表义语言和模糊表义语言;3)英汉时间词遵循两条蕴含共性:未来取向∩精确表义;过去取向∩模糊表义;4)英汉时间词的典型特质及其语言蕴含共性取决于其对"时间在动"和"自我在动"认知模型的不同选择。Based on quite rich data, this paper begins with the exploration of the peculiarities and implicational universals of English and Chinese temporal terms from a typological perspective, and concludes with a cognitive interpretation. It comes to four findings: firstly, English is future-oriented while Chinese is past-oriented in terms of time-domain reference; secondly, English is semantically accuracy-oriented while Chinese is semantically vagueness-oriented; thirdly, as regards English and Chinese, two implicational universals are proposed and cross-linguistically verified: futureoriented language semantic accuracy; past-oriented language semantic vagueness; and fourthly, the peculiarities and universals in question are motivated by the preferred selection of the "time-moving" cognitive model or the "ego-moving" one.

关 键 词：时间词特质 蕴含共性 语言类型 认知模型 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]