大蒜分子生物学研究进展  

A Review for Molecular Biology of Allium sativum

作　　者：刘宏久[1] 温艳斌[1] 刘晓雪[1] 赵勇强 黄彩萍 程智慧[1] LIU Hongjiu;WEN Yanbin;LIU Xiaoxue;ZHAO Yongqiang;HUANG Caiping;CHENG Zhihui(College of Horticulture,Northwest A ＆ F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;College of Plant Protection,Northwest A ＆ F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学植物保护学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《园艺学报》2018年第9期1778-1790,共13页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31471865;31772293);陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划项目(2016KTCL02-01);西北农林科技大学教育发展基金会科研公益项目(2017)

摘　　要：综述了大蒜(Allium sativum L.)分子生物学的研究进展,主要包括5个方面:(1)大蒜遗传多样性分析、遗传图谱构建和资源评价中基因组7种分子标记(RAPD、AFLP、ISSR、SSR、SRAP、InDel和SNP)的开发和利用;(2)大蒜基因组学、表观遗传分析、转录组学和蛋白组学的研究;(3)农杆菌介导法和基因枪法的大蒜遗传转化体系构建;(4)大蒜蒜氨酸酶基因、蒜薹和鳞茎发育基因(gaLFY、AsPI、AsFT1、AsFT2和AsFT4)及抗逆相关基因(AsPCSl、AsMT2a、ASAL和AsNF-YC8)的克隆和表达分析;(5)大蒜分子生物学试验技术(RNA提取、RT-qPCR的内参基因筛选和BAC文库构建)优化。最后指出了当前研究的不足,展望了大蒜分子生物学研究的方向。This paper reviews the following five aspects in garlic（Allium sativum L.）molecular biology：Firstly,the development and utilization of seven types of garlic genome molecular markers including RAPD,AFLP,ISSR,SSR,SRAP,In Del and SNP in genetic diversity analysis,genetic map construction and germplasm resources evaluation;Secondly,the research of garlic genomics,epigenetic analysis, transcriptomics and proteomics;Thirdly,construction of genetic transformation system including Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated method and gene gun method;Fourthly,cloning and expression analysis of alliinase gene,genes related to flowering and bulb development（gaLFY,AsPI,AsFT1,AsFT2 and AsFT4）and genes related to stress resistance（AsPCSl,AsMT2a,ASAL and AsNF-YC8）;Fifthly,experimental technique optimization of molecular biology of garlic involving RNA extraction,reference gene selection for RT-qPCR and BAC library construction. Finally,the current research defects and prospects of garlic molecular biology are summarized.

关 键 词：大蒜 分子标记 转录组学 遗传转化 蒜氨酸酶 

分 类 号：S633.4[农业科学—蔬菜学]