状态焦虑与转换功能:注意控制理论在运动员群体中适用性的检验  

State Anxiety and Shifting Function: Examination of the Applicability of Attention Control Theory in Athletes

作　　者：彭凡 张力为 Peng Fan;Zhang Liwei(School of Psychology,Beijing Sport University,Beijing,100084)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学心理学院,北京100084

出　　处：《心理科学》2018年第5期1090-1096,共7页Journal of Psychological Science

摘　　要：以3个平行实验探讨了状态焦虑对转换功能的影响,检验了注意控制理论在运动领域的适用性。分别采用3种范式的More-Odd shifting任务测量转换功能,结果呈现一致的趋势:在大学生群体中,高状态焦虑降低了加工效能,而对正确率影响不大;而在运动员群体中,高状态焦虑对加工效能和正确率都影响不大。结论:注意控制理论关于状态焦虑影响转换功能的假设可能在不同群体中有不同的适用性,适用于大学生,但不适用于运动员。Researchers are keeping eyes on the effect of anxiety on sport performance. There are many theories interpreting how it affects sport performance from different perspectives. Attention control theory （ACT） discussed the connection between anxiety and attention control in cognitive tasks. ACT had two crucial assumptions： first, anxiety can damage the system of top-down goal-oriented attention; second, anxiety can interfere with inhibition and shifting functions of central executive system. In recent years, researchers keep investigating its applicability in sports field. Thus we assume that anxiety is the factor that interferes shifting function. In this study, there are three parallel experiments testing this hypothesis that tried to explore its applicability among athletes. Experiment 1 used alternating paradigm of More-Odd shifting task, testing the assumption of anxiety interfering shifting function of ACT. It was found that the high state anxiety reduced the processing efficiency, F（1,156） = 56.896, p 〈 .01,, = .267, increased subjective efforts, F（1,156） = 6.390, p = .012, ηp^2= .039, but had little effect on the accuracy, which was in line with ACT assumption. But the interactions effect of group and state anxiety is significant, F（1,156） = 40.821,p 〈 .01, ηp^2= .207, and the high state anxiety had little effect on the processing efficiency and accuracy among athletes, which was inconsistent with the assumption of ACT. Experiment 2 used clues paradigm of More-Odd shifting task. It was found that the high state anxiety reduced the processing efficiency, F（1,156） = 15.789, p 〈 .01, ηp^2= .092, increased subjective efforts, F（1,156） = 4.043, p = .046, ηp^2= .025, but had little effect on the accuracy, which was in line with ACT assumption. But the interactions effect of group and state anxiety is significant, F（1,156） = 13.747,p 〈 .01, ηp2^=.081, and the high state anxiety had little effect on the processing efficiency and accuracy among athletes, which was inconsist

关 键 词：注意 注意控制理论 状态焦虑 转换功能 加工效能 运动员 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]