犯罪未完成形态处罚范围的规范依据与判断路径  

On the Standard of Delimitating Uncompleted Crimes Based on Criminal Law

作　　者：雷一鸣 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院,北京100872

出　　处：《国家检察官学院学报》2018年第5期90-103,共14页Journal of National Prosecutors College

基　　金：中国法学会部级课题"正当防卫司法判断机制完善研究"(CLSA2017 D49)阶段性成果

摘　　要：犯罪未完成形态处罚范围的判断依据并非普遍处罚原则以及罪质轻重程度,而是构成要件。中国刑法中没有关于犯罪未完成形态处罚范围的专门规定,普遍处罚原则是旧刑法时代类推制度的产物,不应继续存在。德日刑法须以有关犯罪未完成形态处罚范围的规定为依据定型构成要件,中国刑法则须先完成构成要件的定型才能判断犯罪未完成形态的处罚范围。犯罪未完成形态的不法来源是犯罪预备与未既遂实行,如果适用以构成要件为中心的规范判断路径,则中国刑法仅处罚极少数犯罪的犯罪预备以及部分犯罪的未既遂实行,在立法层面没有滥罚犯罪未完成形态的嫌疑。The basis of punishing uncompleted crimes is not punishing-all principle or crime substance,but the criminal form.In fact,the criminal does not specifically stipulate the extension of the punishable uncompleted crimes.Principle of punishing-all is produced by analogies rule which was set by the old criminal law,it cannot exist in the existing criminal law.Therefore,China's criminal law and Germany's(or Japan's)criminal law do not have the difference on punishing-all or punishing-exception,but on whether or not specifically stipulate the extension of the punishable uncompleted crimes.When the basis of punishing uncompleted crimes swift from punishing-all principle to the conformity of the criminal forms,we will find that the rules about uncompleted crimes in Chinese's criminal law match the legality principle properly.

关 键 词：犯罪未完成形态 普遍处罚原则 构成要件认知 规范判断 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]