秸秆不同还田方式对土壤物理性状、玉米产量的影响  

Effects of Different Returning Methods of Straw on Soil Physical Property, Yield of Corn

作　　者：徐莹莹[1] 王俊河[1] 刘玉涛[1] 高盼[1] 王宇先[1] 杨慧莹[1] 于侃超[1] 葛选良[2] 迟莉[1] 樊景胜[1] XU Ying-ying;WANG Jun-he;LIU Yu-tao;GAO Pan;WANG Yu-xian;YANG Hui-ying;YU Kan-chao;GE Xuan-liang;CHILi;FAN Jing-sheng(Qiqihar Branch of Heilongfiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qiqihar 161006;Tillage Cultivation Research Institute of Heilongfiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150086,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院齐齐哈尔分院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161006 [2]黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所,哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《玉米科学》2018年第5期78-84,共7页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家现代农业技术体系建设项目(CARS-02);公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201503116-02);黑龙江省农业科学院院级科研项目(2017SJ034);齐齐哈尔市科技局农业攻关项目(NYGG-201509)

摘　　要：采用大区对比试验，设玉米秸秆覆盖还田（SCR）、旋耕还田fSPR）、翻埋还田（SDPR）和不还田fCK）4种方式，对土壤容重、孔隙度、含水率、玉米根系活力、株高等指标进行测定和分析。结果表明。与CK相比，秸秆还田使土壤容重下降3．24％-5．76％，孔隙度增加4．08％-5．89％，土壤含水率增加6．43％-10．86％。秸秆还田对玉米植株生长发育起到促进作用，且SDPR处理效果最好。秸秆还田有利于玉米增产和提高水分利用效率（WUE），SDPR处理产量和WUE最高，其次为SPR和SCR处理，CK最低。SDPR、SPR和SCR处理较CK增产15．14％、9．41％和5．06％，WUE提高28．62％、22．67％和18．11％。In order to investigate the effects of different returning methods of straw on soil physical property, corn growth, yield, and economic benefits, a large area contrast test was conducted with four returning methods of corn straw, which were covering the field with straw（SCR）, spinning straw into the soil（SPR）, plowing straw deeply into the soil（SDPR） and without straw（CK）. Soil bulk density, porosity, water content, corn root vigor, plant height, leaf area, SPAD, dry matter weight, yield and water use efficiency were measured and analyzed. The results showed that comparing with CK, the soil bulk density decreased by 3.24% to 5.76%, the porosity increased by 4.08% to 5.89%, and the soil moisture content increased by 6.43% to 10.86% under straw returning treatments. According to the growth indexes of corn, straw returning could promote the growth and development of corn. And the effect of SDPR was better. Straw returning was conducive to improve corn yield and water use efficiency（WUE）. Among four treatments, the yield of SDPR was highest followed by SPR and SCR, and CK at last. Yield of SDPR, SPR and SCR re- spectively increased by 15.14%, 9.41% and 5.06% than CK, and WUE increased by 28.62%, 22.6%7 and 18.11%, respectively.

关 键 词：玉米 秸秆还田 土壤物理性状 

分 类 号：S513.047[农业科学—作物学]