成年烧伤患者护理需求与护士认知差异调查分析  

Investigation and analysis of the difference between the nursing needs of adult burn patients and nurses＇ cognition

作　　者：江晓声 许乐[1] 李琳[2] 张灵倩 Jiang Xiaosheng;Xu Le;Li Lin;Zhang Lingqian(Department of Surgery,School of Nurs-ing,Fujian Medical University,Fuzhou 350108,China)

机构地区：[1]福建医科大学护理学院外科教研室,福州350108 [2]福建医科大学附属协和医院烧伤科

出　　处：《中华烧伤杂志》2018年第10期731-735,共5页Chinese Journal of Burns

摘　　要：目的探讨烧伤患者护理需求与护士认知之间的差异，以调整护理服务行为，提高护理质量。方法采取便利抽样法抽取解放军第一八〇医院烧伤科2017年1—9月收治的400例烧伤住院患者，采取整群抽样法抽取该科室的38名护士，于患者出院当天或前一天出院宣教后，采用自行设计的问卷调查患者住院期间的护理需求。比较患者在护理需求总体程度以及具体维度上与护士的认知差异，统计患者护理需求高于护士认知且差异有统计学意义的护理需求条目，统计患者与护士认为最重要的5项护理需求条目并对比是否一致。对数据行独立样本t检验。结果患者、护士问卷有效回收率分别为94.8%（379/400）、100.0%（38/38）。患者的护理需求总分为（3.9±0.4）分，与护士对患者护理需求的认知总分（4.1±0.5）分相近（t＝1.611，P〉0.05）。患者生理需求、自尊需求维度得分分别为（4.0±0.6）、（3.9±0.6）分，明显低于护士的（4.2±0.4）、（4.3±0.5）分（t＝－2.476、－4.160，P〈0.05或P〈0.01）；患者的安全需求、爱与归属需求、自我实现需求维度得分与护士相近（t＝0.228、1.356、－1.010，P〉0.05）。患者在介绍同室患友、检查时有医务人员陪同、休闲娱乐活动、护士理论和操作熟练、抗瘢痕锻炼指导、药物知识宣教这几项护理需求条目的得分分别为（4.2±0.9）、（3.3±1.2）、（4.2±0.9）、（4.5±0.7）、（4.2±0.9）、（4.0±1.0）分，均明显高于护士的（3.5±0.9）、（2.7±1.0）、（3.5±1.3）、（4.1±0.8）、（3.8±1.0）、（3.6±0.9）分（t＝4.147、3.515、3.374、3.282、2.546、2.265，P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。患者与护士认为最重要的5项护理需求条目分别为疼痛护理、护士理论和操作熟练、对患者一视同仁、出院宣教、及时巡视病房与保护隐私、疼痛护理、介绍医务人员、介绍安全事项、得到ObjectiveTo explore the difference between the nursing needs of burn patients and nurses′ cognition in order to adjust the nursing service behavior and improve the nursing quality.MethodsThe convenience sampling method was adopted to select 400 burn inpatients admitted to the Department of Burns of the 180th Hospital of the People′s Liberation Army from January to September 2017, and 38 nurses from the same department were selected by cluster sampling method. On the day of or the day before hospital discharge after instruction to discharging patients, the self-designed questionnaire was adopted to investigate the nursing needs of patients during hospitalization. The cognitive differences between patients and nurses in the overall level and specific dimensions of nursing needs were compared, and items of the nursing needs of patients which were higher than the cognition of nurses with statistically significant differences were recorded. The five most important nursing needs items considered by both patients and nurses were recorded and compared. Data were processed with independent sample t test.ResultsThe effective recovery rates of questionnaire for patients and nurses were 94.8% （379/400） and 100.0% （38/38）, respectively. The total score of patients′ nursing needs was （3.9±0.4） points, which was similar to （4.1±0.5） points of nurses′ cognition of patients′ nursing needs （t=1.611, P〉0.05）. The scores of patients′ physiological needs and self-esteem needs dimensions were （4.0±0.6） and （3.9±0.6） points, respectively, significantly lower than （4.2±0.4） and （4.3±0.5） points of nurses （t=-2.476, -4.160, P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. The scores of patients′ safety needs, love and belonging needs, and self-realization needs dimensions were similar to those of nurses （t=0.228, 1.356, -1.010, P〉0.05）. The scores of the patients in nursing needs items of the introduction of patients in the same room, medical staff accompanying them during the examination, leisur

关 键 词：烧伤 护理估计 护士 认知 患者 

分 类 号：R473.6[医药卫生—护理学]