刚体转动惯量实验的改进  

Improvement on the experiment of measuring rotational inertia of rigid body

作　　者：潘葳 王瑗 PAN Wei;WANG Yuan(National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education,School of Physics and Astronomy,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学物理与天文学院物理国家级实验教学示范中心,上海200240

出　　处：《物理实验》2018年第10期17-20,共4页Physics Experimentation

基　　金：上海交通大学教学发展基金资助

摘　　要：对恒力矩法测刚体转动惯量实验中存在的问题进行了分析和改进.从实验原理出发,重新分析了实验中转动惯量测量误差较大的原因,帮助学生从原理上了解实验操作中滑轮固紧调节、细绳走线方式以及角速度控制的最优方案.采用改进后的教学方法后,学生在实验中思路清晰,主动性增强,大部分学生的实验误差都能控制在5%之内,该实验教学收到了良好的教学效果.The measurement error problems in the experiment of measuring the rotational inertia of rigid body were analyzed and solved. Key factors in measuring the rotational inertia and reasons for the large measurement error were reanalyzed. The importance of the pulley clamping adjustment, the twine alignment and angular velocity control in the experimental operation were deeply understood. Using the improved teaching methods, students got a clear thinking of the experiment. Most students controlled the final measurement error by less than 5%, and the improved teaching method worked very well.

关 键 词：刚体 转动惯量 恒力矩法 滑轮 阻力矩 误差 

分 类 号：O313.3[理学—一般力学与力学基础]