“宪法上人权”的效力不及于私人间——对人权第三人效力上的“无效力说”的再评价  

“Constitutional Human Rights” Do not Work between Private Persons:An Analysis on the Theory of Human Rights Being not Legally Binding the Third Person

作　　者：高桥和之[1,2] 陈道英 Kazuyuki Takahashi;CHEN Daoying

机构地区：[1]明治大学法科大学院 [2]日本公法学研究会 [3]东南大学法学院

出　　处：《财经法学》2018年第5期64-77,共14页Law and Economy

摘　　要：从比较宪法的角度来看,否认宪法在私人间具有效力是一种原则,承认宪法的私人间效力才是例外,它具有强烈的德国色彩。宪法人权对第三人的间接效力说与直接效力说都是对传统宪法观与人权观的重大颠覆,对于日本而言,要借鉴德国的这一理论必须要有充足的理由。受到法国宪法实践的启发,日本应以自然权的伦理价值为核心,以《宪法》第13条以及《民法》第1条之2等为通道来解决这一问题。必须明确,宪法及宪法上人权的对象是国家,它并不调整私人间的法律关系。It is a principle to deny the legal binding of constitution between private persons when comparing the constitutions of western countries. The theory of horizontal effect of constitution, direct or indirect, is totally based on German constitution, and it has changed basic ideas of the traditional constitutionalism dramatically. There must be very important reasons for Japan to accept the theory. According to the lessons of French constitutionalism practices, we should read human rights [Art. 13, Constitution ; Art. 1 （2） , Civil Law] as the leading values above all laws and binding all legal relationships. Undoubtedly, constitution, and constitutional rights, defends citizens from the government. It does not work between private persons.

关 键 词：私人间效力 自然权利 客观价值 道德价值 

分 类 号：DF2[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]