不同灌溉方式对两个马铃薯品种生理特性和水分利用效率的影响  

Effects of Different Irrigation Methods on Physiological Characteristics and Water Use Efficiency of Potato

作　　者：宿飞飞[1] 张静华[1] 李勇[1] 刘尚武[1] 刘振宇[1] 王绍鹏[1] 万书明[1] 陈曦 高云飞[1] 胡林双[1] 吕典秋[1] Su Feifei;Zhang Jinghua;Li Yong;Liu Shangwu;Liu Zhenyu;Wang Shaopeng;Wan Shuming;Chen Xi;Gao Yunfei;Hu Linshuang;Lü Dianqiu(Virus-Free Seedling Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150086,Heilongjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院植物脱毒苗木研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《作物杂志》2018年第5期97-103,共7页Crops

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31501358);中央级科研院所基本科研业务费专项(中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所)(FIRI2016-02);黑龙江省现代农业技术合作创新体系(HNWJZTX201701);中央引导地方科技发展专项(科技创新ZY16C05-3);黑龙江省科研机构创新能力提升计划项目(YC2015D003);国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD06B02)

摘　　要：研究了两个抗旱性不同的马铃薯品种(荷兰15号和克新1号)在不同灌溉方式下的生长、生理特性和水分利用效率。结果表明,不同灌溉方式对马铃薯生理指标有显著影响。隔沟交替灌溉区的植株株高和叶面积高于常规灌溉区和固定隔沟灌溉区。隔沟交替灌溉提高了干旱胁迫应答抗氧化酶过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性,而反映胁迫受害程度的丙二醛(MDA)浓度均低于常规灌溉和固定隔沟灌溉处理。在隔沟交替灌溉条件下,克新1号的产量比常规灌溉提高了3.84%,水分利用效率比对照提高了35%。荷兰15号的产量与常规灌溉没有显著差异,水分利用效率比对照提高了28%。由此得出,在马铃薯生产中应用隔沟交替灌溉技术具有较大的节水增产潜力,其中克新1号是水分利用效率高、抗旱性强的品种。The purpose of this experiment was to study the growth, physiological characteristics and water use efficiency of two potato varieties（Helan 15 and Kexin 1） with different drought resistance ability under different irrigation methods. The results showed that irrigation method had a significant effect on the physiological indicators of potato. The plant height and leaf area in alternate irrigation plots were higher than that of conventional furrow irrigation（control） and fixed furrow irrigation. Irrigation with alternate furrows increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes（peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase） in response to drought stress. However, the concentration of malondialdehyde representing the level of stress damage was lower than that of conventional furrow irrigation and fixed furrow irrigation. Under the condition of alternate furrow irrigation, Kexin 1 increased yield by 3.84% compared with the control, and the water use efficiency was increased by 35% compared with the control. The yields of Helan 15 were not significantly different from the control, and the water use efficiency was increased by 28% compared with the control. In conclusion, the application of alternate furrow irrigation in potato has a great potential for water saving and yield increase. Kexin 1 is a cultivar with high water use efficiency and strong drought resistance.

关 键 词：隔沟交替灌溉 固定隔沟灌溉 马铃薯 生理特性 产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]