北京春季PM2.5和PM10污染水平及影响因素研究  

STUDY ON DEGREE OF PM2.5 AND PM10 POLLUTION IN SPRING IN BEIJING AND INFLUENCING FACTORS

作　　者：陈波[1] 李少宁[1,2] 杨新兵 鲁绍伟[1,2] 王兵[4] 丁杰 徐兰[5] 王迪[5] CHEN Bo;LI Shaoning;YANG Xinbing;LU Shaowei;WANG Bing;DINGJie;XU Lan;WANG Di(Forestry and Pomology Institute,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science,Yanshan Forest Ecosystem Research Observation Station of Beijing,Beijing 100093,China;Horticulture Ecological Environment Function Promote Collaborative lnm~vation Center,Beijing 100093,China;College of Forestry,Hebei Agriculture University,Baoding 071000,China;Forest Ecological Environment and Protection Institute,Chinese Foresty Academy,Bering 100097,China;Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 1 lO000,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所北京燕山森林生态系统定位观测研究站,北京100093 [2]林果业生态环境功能提升协同创新中心,北京100093 [3]河北农业大学林学院,保定071000 [4]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所,北京100097 [5]沈阳农业大学,沈阳110000

出　　处：《内蒙古农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第5期36-44,共9页Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：北京市农林科学院数据平台建设(KJCX20160301);北京市农林科学院科技创新团队(JWKST201609);科技创新服务能力建设-协同创新中心-林果业生态环境功能提升协同创新中心(2011协同创新中心)(市级)(PXM2017_014207_000043)

摘　　要：本文以2013年3月份北京市环境监测中心公布数据为依据,对4个(东城天坛、西直门北大街、昌平镇、京西北八达岭)不同采样点PM2.5和PM10的浓度水平、空间分布、PM10/PM2.5比值和空气质量分指数进行分析。结果表明北京市3月份PM2.5和PM10月日均浓度为109.45±67.81μg·m^(-3)μg·m^(-3)和131.94±61.07μg·m^(-3),分别为国家二级标准的1.46倍和0.88倍,PM2.5和PM10日平均超标率为45.94%和4.87%;PM2.5和PM10的日变化以白天高,夜间低为主,基本呈现双峰型特征;PM2.5和PM10排序均为交通污染控制点>郊区环境评价点>城市环境评价点>对照点及城区点,PM2.5/PM10的比值排序为京西北八达岭(107.59%)>东城天坛(84.87%)>昌平镇(84.79%)>西直门北大街(67.80%);PM2.5和PM10与温度呈正相关关系,温度对PM10的影响更显著,PM2.5和PM10浓度变化与相对湿度和风速呈负相关关系,风速主要清除细粒子,对PM10的影响则较小。PM2.5空气质量指数在110.01~126.19之间,属于三级轻度污染,PM10空气质量分指数为68.75~96.82,属二级良,交通污染控制点的空气质量最差,对照点及城区点空气质量较高。北京市PM2.5和PM10污染不容忽视。Based on the data released by Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center in March 2013,the paper conducts analysis on the concentration level and spatial distribution of PM2. 5 and PM10 as well as the PM2. 5/PM10 ratio and individual air quality index in four sampling points（ Temple of Heaven in east city,Xizhimen Beidajie Street,Changping Town and Badaling Great Wall in northwest Beijing）. The monthly and daily average concentration of PM2. 5 and PM10 in March in Beijing was 109. 45 ± 67.81 μg·m^（-3）μg·m^（-3） and 131. 94 ± 61. 07 μg·m^（-3） respectively,1. 46 and 0. 88 times of the national secondary standard. The daily average over standard rate of PM2. 5 and PM10 was 45. 94% and 4. 87%. The daily variations of PM2. 5 and PM10 were characterized by high concentration in the daytime and low concentration in the nighttime,which basically presented bimodal pattern. The PM2. 5 and PM10 were always sorted as traffic pollution control point suburban environment evaluation point urban environment evaluation point control point and urban point. The ratio of PM2. 5/PM10 was Badaling Great Wall in northwest Beijing（ 107.59%） Temple of Heaven in east city（ 84. 87%） Changping Town（ 84. 79%） Xizhimen Beidajie Street（ 67. 80%）. PM2.5 and PM10 were positively correlated with temperature but PM10 was more sensitive to temperature. The concentrations of PM2. 5 and PM10 were negatively correlated with relative humidity and wind speed,but wind speed has smaller influence on PM10 as wind mainly removes fine articles. The PM2. 5 air quality index was between 110. 01 and 126. 19,equal to Level-3 light pollution,while the PM10 air quality index was between 68. 75 and 96. 82,equal to Level-2 good. The air quality in the traffic pollution control point was the worst and the control point and urban point have better air quality. The PM2. 5 and PM10 pollution in Beijing shall not be overlooked.

关 键 词：北京 PM2.5 PM10 污染特征 影响因素 

分 类 号：X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学]