系统化护士培训在卧床患者常见并发症预防中的应用  

The effect of systematic training on the prevention for common complications among bedridden patients

作　　者：吴欣娟[1] 曹晶[1] 李真[1] 焦静[1] 杨慧[2] 张晓静[1] 柳鸿鹏 刘戈[1] 李佳倩 刘莹[1] 李芳芳[1] WU Xinjuan;CAO Jing;LI Zhen;JIAO Jing;YANG Hui;ZHANG Xiaojing;LIU Hongpeng;LIU Ge;LI Jiaqian;LIU Ying;LI Fangfang(Nursing Department,Peking Union Medical College Hopsital,Beijing,100730,China)

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院北京协和医院护理部,北京市100730 [2]中国医学科学院北京协和医院呼吸内科,北京市100730 [3]中国医学科学院北京协和医院老年科,北京市100730

出　　处：《中国护理管理》2018年第10期1297-1303,共7页Chinese Nursing Management

基　　金：2015年公益性行业科研专项项目(201502017)

摘　　要：目的 :评价系统化的培训对提高护士卧床常见并发症知识、态度及降低患者并发症发病率的干预效果。方法 :对全国25家不同级别医院入组科室护士进行卧床常见并发症(压疮、下肢深静脉血栓形成、肺部感染和泌尿系统感染)系统化培训,培训内容为基于循证和专家共识制定的护理规范;制定培训SOP,培训形式包括集中讲授、发放口袋书、开放网络学习平台等;选取培训开展前入组科室护士3 903人作为对照组,培训开展后护士4 043人作为实验组,对培训前后护士的知识、态度和患者并发症发生情况进行调查,评价干预实施效果。结果:系统化培训后,护士对于4种并发症知识得分均有显著提高(P<0.05),对泌尿系统感染、肺部感染、下肢深静脉血栓形成的态度得分有显著提高(P<0.05)。所调查科室患者压疮、肺部感染和泌尿系统感染的发生率均有下降。结论 :系统化培训可以有效提高不同级别医院护士卧床常见并发症的预防和护理知识,改善其相关态度,并有助于降低患者卧床并发症发生率。Objective： To evaluate the effect of systematic training on improving nurses＇ knowledge and attitudes towards common complications among bedridden patients and decreasing the incidence of patients＇ complications. Methods： Nurses were recruited from 25 different grade hospitals and received systemtic nursing training about common complmations（includmg pressure ulcer, Deep Veto Thrombosis, pneumonia, and urinary tract intections） among bedridden patients. The training content were developed by systematic literature review and expert discussion. Training SOP （Standard Operating Procedure） was developed and lectures, pocket books and online learning platform were used to train the nurses. Totally 3 903 nurses were recruited in the study as control group before the training program while 4 043 nurses were recruited as experimental group. Nurses＇ knowledge and attitudes and incidence of patient complications were measured to evaluate the training effects. Results： After systematic training, nurses＇ knowledge scores for all 4 complications were significantly increased （P〈0.05）, while the attitudes scores for Deep Vein Thrombosis, pneumonia, and urinary tract infections were also significantly improved （P〈0.05）. The incidence of pressure ulcer, pneumonia, and urinary tract infections were also decreased after training. Conclusion： The systematic training is an effective way to improve nurses＇ knowledge and attitudes and reduce the incidence of common complications among bedridden patients. It is worth for further popularization and application.

关 键 词：卧床 系统化培训 护士 常见并发症 知识 态度 

分 类 号：R47[医药卫生—护理学]