公路隧道纵向通风对火灾烟气分层影响研究  

Influences Study of Longitudinal Ventilation on Smoke Stratification in Tunnel Fires

作　　者：刘帅[1] 陈建忠[1] 王芳其[1] Liu Shuai;Chen Jianzhong;Wang Fangqi(China Merchants Chongqing Communications Technology Research ＆ Design Institute Co.Ltd.,Chongqing 400067,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]招商局重庆交通科研设计院有限公司,重庆400067

出　　处：《地下空间与工程学报》2018年第5期1419-1423,共5页Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering

基　　金：重庆市杰出青年项目(cstc2014jcyjjq30001);交通运输部建设科技项目(2015318740210);西藏自治区自然科学基金(2016XZ01G31)

摘　　要：纵向通风目前是我国长隧道使用最多的通风排烟方式。通过1∶10隧道模型火灾排烟试验,利用激光片光观测火灾烟气分层结构,分析了纵向通风对火灾烟气分层结构的影响;通过数值模拟,研究了隧道采用纵向通风排烟的效果。结果表明:在无风情况下,火灾初期烟气能够较好地维持在隧道顶部,与空气分层界限明显;开启纵向排烟后,能够有效抑制火灾烟气向火源上游蔓延,但烟气分层结构遭到破坏并随着风速增加逐渐消失,火源下游区域能见度下降;纵向排烟风速维持在临界风速及以下,可降低纵向风对烟气分层的影响。Currently longitudinal ventilation is used in most of long tunnels of our country. Experiments were conducted in a 1 ∶ 10 scale model tunnel. Smoke stratification pattern was measured by laser sheet,and the influence of longitudinal ventilation to smoke stratification was analyzed. Smoke exhaust effect of longitudinal ventilation in tunnels was study by numerical simulation. The results show that an upper buoyant smoke layer is formed with a cold smoke-free layer below under the condition of no wind. The smoke stratification was destroyed and prevented from spreading upstream as smoke-exhaust fans started,while the visibility of downstream area of fire source was reduced.The influence of longitudinal ventilation to smoke stratification can be reduced,while the velocity of longitudinal smoke-exhaust kept at or below the critical velocity.

关 键 词：隧道火灾 纵向通风 烟气分层 排烟效果 

分 类 号：U458.1[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]