人地比例、机械化水平与农地生产效率  

The Ptoportion of Population to Farmland Area, Mechanization Level, and Farmland Ptoductivity

作　　者：李刘艳[1,2] 白永秀[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学经济管理学院 [2]河南师范大学商学院

出　　处：《宏观经济研究》2018年第9期147-158,共12页Macroeconomics

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“农户分化视角下农村劳动力流动与土地流转的互动发展研究”(15BJY087);国家自然科学基金项目(14XIIL013);河南省软科学项目(172400410311);河南省哲学社会科学项目“我国农民工市民化水平多维测度研究”(2018BJJ035);河南师范大学国家社科培育基金项目“基于空间视角的我国农民工市民化水平评价及影响因素研究”(2017PW18)的资助

摘　　要：本文使用双向固定效应模型，利用2000-2015年中国省域面板数据分析了单位农地劳动力、单位农地机械化水平对农地生产效率的影响，结果发现，单位农地劳动力投入对单位农地产值具有显著的负效应，单位农地机械化水平对单位农地产值具有显著的正效应。这说明，依附在农地上的劳动力过于密集是阻碍中国农地生产效率提升的重要因素，而机械化水平偏低是约束农地生产效率的主要因素。因此，要提高农地生产效率，一方面，政府要积极引导农业剩余劳动力转移，缓解人地矛盾，促进土地流转，扩大规模经营，提高农业机械化水平；另一方面，政府应加大对农机购置补贴，提高农机购置率，加强农业基础设施建设，提高农机使用率。This paper uses the two -way fixed - effects model to analyze the impact of the unit agricultural land labor force and unit agricul- tural land mechanization level on agricultural land production efficiency using the provincial panel da- ta from 2000 to 2015. It is found that unit farmland labor force has significant negative effect on agri- cultural real estate value. As a result, the level of mechanization per unit of farmland has a significant positive effect on the value of unit farmland. This shows that the excessive concentration of the labor force attached to the farmland is an important factor hindering the production efficiency of farmland in China, and the low level of mechanization is the main factor that restricts the farmland productivity. Therefore, in order to improve the productivity of farmland, on the one hand, the government should actively guide the transfer of surplus agricultural la- bor, alleviate the contradiction between people and land, promote land circulation, expand the scale of operations, and improve the level of agricultural mechanization; on the other hand, the government should increase subsidies for the purchase of agri- cultural machinery. Improving the purchase rate of agricultural machinery, strengthening the construc-tion of agricultural infrastructure, and increasing the use rate of agricultural machinery.

关 键 词：人地比例 机械化水平 农地生产效率 

分 类 号：F321.1[经济管理—产业经济] F323.3