苦草对盐碱离子的生长响应与去除效果研究  

Responses of Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Vallisneria natans to Saline-alkali Stresses and Removal Rates of Salt Ions by V. natans

作　　者：林思宇 孙瑞川 栾永胜 黄家明 何洋 靖美东[1] 左进城[1] LIN Siyu;SUN Ruichuan;LUAN Yongsheng;HUANG Jiaming;HE Yang;JING Meidong;ZUO Jincheng(College of Life Science,Ludong University,Yantai 264025,China;Yantai Academy for Environmental Engineering Consultation and Design,Yantai 264025,China;Yantai Institute of Environmental Science,Yantai 264025,China;School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Ludong University,Yantai 264025,China)

机构地区：[1]鲁东大学生命科学学院,山东烟台264025 [2]烟台市环保工程咨询设计院,山东烟台264025 [3]烟台市环境保护科学研究所,山东烟台264025 [4]鲁东大学资源与环境工程学院,山东烟台264025

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2018年第9期7-11,共5页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31770762);烟台市科技发展计划(2015ZH089);鲁东大学博士基金(32970301)

摘　　要：文章考察了苦草种子萌发和幼苗生长对0、10、20和40 mmol/L Na_2SO_4、Na Cl和Na HCO_3的响应,以及苦草对SO_4^(2-)、Cl^-和HCO_3^-的去除作用。化合物类型与浓度对苦草的萌发、生长和盐碱离子的去除均具有显著作用。Na^+浓度为10和20 mmol/L时,Na_2SO_4和Na HCO_3处理促进了苦草株高与干重的增长(P<0.05),Na Cl处理的作用不显著。Na^+浓度为40 mmol/L时,各处理组的萌发率、株高、干重、根数、根总长等指标显著低于对照组的,且Na HCO_3组的最低(P<0.05)。Na^+浓度为20 mmol/L时,Na SO_4对根数目和根总长的影响不显著,Na HCO_3表现出了显著的抑制作用(P<0.05)。各处理中,苦草对SO_4^(2-)、Cl^-和HCO_3^-均具有一定的去除效果,苦草对HCO_3^-的去除率明显高于对SO_4^(2-)的去除率,且两者均显著高于对Cl^-的去除率(P<0.05)。结果表明,水体盐碱度升高可能会改变苦草的生长和繁殖状况,苦草根的生长对盐碱胁迫更敏感。但苦草具有一定的盐碱耐受能力和去除盐碱离子的能力,可应用于盐碱水体的生态修复。Seeds of Vallisneria natans were exposed to Na2SO4, Na Cl and NaHCO3 with the Na＋concentrations of 0, 10, 20 and 40 mmol/L, respectively, in order to investigate the effects of saline-alkali stresses on the seed germination and the seedling growth, together with the removal rates of SO4（2-）, Cl-and HCO3- by this plant. Both salt type and concentration had significant effects on the seed germination, the seedling growth and the salt ion removal rate. When Na＋concentrations were 10 and20 mmol/L, no significant differences were detected for seed germination rates among all the treatments, but the shoot length and the dry weight of Na2SO4 and NaHCO3 treatments were much higher than the Na Cl treatment and the control（P〈0.05）,respectively. The treatments of Na2SO4, Na Cl and NaHCO3 with 40 mmol/L Na＋showed significant inhibiting effects on germination rate, shoot length, dry weight, root number and total root length（P〈0.05）, and the NaHCO3 treatment produced the strongest effects（P〈0.05）. Na2SO4 with 20 mmol/L Na＋showed no promoting effects on root number and total root length,while NaHCO3 showed significant inhibiting effects（P〈0.05）. A certain amount of SO4（2-）, Cl-and HCO3- were removed from the culture mediums. The removal rate of HCO3- was the highest, followed by the SO4（2-）, and that of Cl-was the lowest（P〈0.05）. The results showed that increase of water salinity would produce great effects on seed germination and seedling growth, and that root growth of V. natans was more sensitive to saline-alkali stresses than the other indexes. Furthermore, this plant could be utilized in water salinization remediation for the capacity of tolerating salt stresses and removing salt ions.

关 键 词：苦草 种子 盐碱胁迫 萌发率 幼苗生长 生态修复 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学]