我国行政犯定罪模式之反思  

The Reflection of the Conviction Pattern of the Administrative Crime

作　　者：简爱 Jian Ai

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学法学院,北京100081

出　　处：《政治与法律》2018年第11期31-44,共14页Political Science and Law

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划青年基金项目"从‘分野’到‘融合’:刑事违法的相对独立判断"(项目编号:18YJC820029);第63批中国博士后科学基金资助项目(项目编号:2018M631711)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：行政犯这一概念根本的作用在于衡量行为是否构成刑法意义上的犯罪。应扭转"刑法从属于行政法"的思维,应将行政犯置于刑法范畴下进行讨论。在定罪模式的选取上,以行政从属性为立论的缓和的违法一元论因容易忽视刑法规范目的而使得行政法规范、行政行为在事实上直接决定行政犯的成立与否,进而导致刑法本身所承载的违法含义走向萎缩,容易导致刑罚的扩张。相比之下,以刑事违法为核心的违法相对判断能够兼顾刑法自身目的和法体系内部统一,就更为合理。具体而言,在法律适用层面,要求围绕刑法目的对构成要件要素进行实质解释;在刑事审判中,当行政行为成为刑事诉讼的先决问题时,需要对行政行为进行实质的司法审查。The essential role of the concept of the administrative crime is to determine whether the act constitutes a crime in criminal law. The thinking should be changed that the criminal law is subject to the administrative law. The discussion of the administrative crime should be conducted within the domain of the criminal law. As far as the selection of the conviction pattern, the purpose of the criminal norm is easily neglected in the view of the moderate illegality monism that is based on the administrative subordination, re- suiting in that the administrative norm and the administrative act in fact directly determine the conviction of the administrative crime or acquittal, resulting in that the rudimental meaning of the illegality of the criminal law is shrunken and the criminal penalty is easily expanded. By contrast, the relative judgment of the illegality that is centered on the criminal illegality is more reasonable because it can consider both the purpose of the criminal law itself and the internal unify- of the legal system. Specifically speaking, in terms of legal application, the constitutive elements shall be substantively explained according to the purpose of the crimi- nal law. In criminal trial, when an administrative act is the prerequisite question of the criminal proceed- ings, the substantive judicial reiew of such administrative act shall be conducted.

关 键 词：行政犯 刑事违法 行政不法 违法相对判断 治安模式 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]