从托尔、布罗代尔到莱昂内尔·卡森:古代地中海史研究  

From Cecil Torr,Fernand Braudel to Lionel Casson:A Review of the Research of Ancient Mediterranean History

作　　者：陈思伟[1,2] 徐松岩[3] Chen Siwei;Xu Songyan

机构地区：[1]河南大学犹太-以色列研究中心 [2]信阳师范学院 [3]西南大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《海洋史研究》2017年第1期3-24,共22页Studies of Maritime History

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金特别资助项目“轴心时代东地中海地区海上贸易研究”(项目批准号:2016T90663)阶段性成果

摘　　要：＂地中海是人类航海活动最早的学校之一,也是古代各民族海上探险的主要训练场＂。考古及人类学的研究表明,早在更新世,尼安德特人就已渡海到近海岛屿捕鱼狩猎。公元前11千纪,居于希腊大陆的弗朗切提（Franchthi）山洞的居民已前往爱琴海米洛斯（Melos）岛开采黑曜石,并通过海上将其运送到伯罗奔尼撒半岛。The narrations of humans＇ memory of the seas had a long history. In classical times, except the matters about navy battles in historical works,explorers and mariners kept some periploi recording the routes, topography, local customs and practices of the Mediterranean and the waters surrounding. In the late of the 19^（th） century, under the influence of Alfred T. Mahan＇s Sea Power Theory,classical scholars devoted themselves to the research into maritime history of the Mediterranean. Ancient Ships by Cecil Torr and The Mediterranean in the Ancient World by Fernando Braudel were two of the most influential works. However,with the development of maritime archaeology and the application of the approach of maritime archaeological experiment on the one hand, the resources of the materials for maritime history are becoming abundant; on the other hand, with the transfer of the time, the academic focuses are changing, the sea itself and the people traveling on the sea are the core of the new thalassography. Lionel Casson is one of the representatives of the new thalassography. Because of the author＇s solid classical basis, first-hand materials from maritime archaeology, ample maritime experiences and foresighted academic view, his two works, Ancient Mariners and Ships and Seamanship in Ancient World, become the most influential ones connecting The Mediterranean in the Ancient World and The Corrupting Sea.

关 键 词：地中海 古代 尼安德特人 航海活动 人类学 训练场 更新世 爱琴海 

分 类 号：K091[历史地理—历史学]