小麦Rht矮秆基因研究和应用综述  

A Review of the Research and Application of Rht Dwarf Genes in Wheat

作　　者：钟明志 魏淑红[1] 彭正松[2] 杨在君[1] Zhong Mingzhi;Wei Shuhong;Peng Zhengsong;Yang Zaijun(Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation（Ministry of Education）,College of Life Science,China West Normal University,Nanchong,637009;College of Agriculture Sciences,Xichang College,Xichang,615013)

机构地区：[1]西华师范大学生命科学学院西南野生动植物资源保护教育部重点实验室,南充637009 [2]西昌学院农业科学学院,西昌615013

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2018年第20期6670-6677,共8页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：西华师范大学英才基金项目(17YC347);国家自然基金青年项目(31501304)共同资助

摘　　要：小麦是世界上最重要的粮食作物,将近35%的人类以它为主食。高产一直是小麦育种的首要目标。矮秆基因是高产育种的关键基因,降低株高基因Rht是小麦矮化育种供体的主要对象。自绿色革命以来发现的Rht基因已有24个,在推广小麦品种中应用的Rht基因主要是Rht-1B、Rht-1D、Rht8。小麦育种实践中明显存在矮源单一的问题,加强现有Rht基因研究,改良现有矮源,寻找新的Rht矮秆基因资源,发掘新矮源,对小麦高产育种具有推动作用。本研究综述了小麦Rht基因的种类和遗传特性,Rht基因对农艺性状的影响以及在小麦遗传改良中的应用,并针对目前Rht基因研究和利用现状存在的问题提出建议,旨在为今后Rht矮秆基因在小麦育种中的应用提供参考。Wheat is the most important food crop in the world. It is the staple food for nearly 35% of the popu- lation. High yield has always been the primary goal of wheat breeding. Dwarfing gene is the key gene for high- yield breeding and Rht （reduced height） gene is the main donor of wheat dwarf breeding. There are 24 Rht genes that have been found since the Green Revolution, but the main Rht genes used in wheat varieties are Rht-IB, Rht-1D, Rht8. It can be seen that there is obviously a single dwarf source problem in wheat breeding. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the existing Rht gene research, improve the existing dwarf sources, search for new Rht gene resources, and explore new dwarf source, which can promote wheat breeding for high yield. In this paper, the heredity characteristics of Rht gene, the effects of Rht gene on agronomic traits and its application in wheat genetic improvement were reviewed. Then some suggestions were put forward for the current research and utilization ofRht gene. The aim is to provide reference for the application of Rht dwarf gene in wheat breeding.

关 键 词：小麦 Rht矮秆基因 矮源 高产育种 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] Q943.2[生物学—植物学]