CRISPR/Cas9全基因组筛选在生命科学中的应用  

Genome-scale CRISPR/Cas9 screen: a powerful tool for life science studies

作　　者：荆耀彬 汪伟 张维绮 刘光慧[1,2,3] JING Yao-Bin;WANG Wei;ZHANG Wei-Qi;LIU Guang-Hui(National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules,Institute of Biophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beij ing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Institute of Stem Cell and Regeneration,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生物物理研究所生物大分子国家重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院干细胞与再生创新研究院,北京100101

出　　处：《生命科学》2018年第9期994-1002,共9页Chinese Bulletin of Life Sciences

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA16010100);科技部重点研发项目(2015CB964800;2017YFA0103304;2017YFA0102802;2014CB910503;2014CB964600;2018YFA0107203);国家自然科学基金项目(91749202;31471394;31671429;91749123;81625009;81330008;81371342;81471414;81422017;81601233;81671377;31601109;31601158;81771515;81701388;31571533;31621004)

摘　　要：全基因组筛选是系统性分析基因组的有力工具,可在全基因组范围内发现具有特定生物学功能的基因或DNA元件。基于CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术的全基因组筛选具有高通量和高效率的特点,已被广泛应用于疾病机理和药物开发等研究,为临床治疗提供科学用药依据。同时,CRISPR/Cas9筛选可靶向启动子、增强子和长链非编码RNA等序列,解析其调控基因表达的功能。此外,将全基因组筛选与单细胞测序技术结合,可揭示细胞转录组差异,剖析基因功能关系。Whole-genome screen is a powerful tool for genetic studies and can be used to identify novel genes that contribute to special biological phenotypes. Recently, a high-throughput and efficient screen based on CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing has been applied to study the mechanisms underlying human diseases and discover new potential drug targets. Meanwhile, CRISPR/Cas9 screen can specifically target promoters, enhancers and long non-coding RNAs to uncover new class of cis-regulatory factors or non-protein coding genes. In addition, a combination of CRISPR/Cas9 screen and single cell RNA sequencing allows us to capture transcriptome variation and genetic interactions in detail.

关 键 词：全基因组筛选 CRISPR/Cas9技术 疾病机制 非编码序列 增强子 单细胞测序 

分 类 号：Q78[生物学—分子生物学]