动词还是名词?——受动复合词的词类问题  

Verb or Noun:On Nature of Patient-action Compounds

作　　者：聂仁发[1] 高也婷 NIE Ren-fa;GAO Ye-ting(Faculty of Humanities and communication,Ningbo University,Ningbo Zhejiang 315211,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波大学人文与传媒学院,浙江宁波315211

出　　处：《语言研究》2018年第4期73-79,共7页Studies in Language and Linguistics

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目"基于语料库的关系词语用于单句现象再研究"(16YJA740026);宁波大学中国语言文学学科项目"受动复合词的词性标注问题"

摘　　要：受动复合词在《现代汉语词典(第7版)》中主要标注为动词和名词两类。根据语料,受动复合词大多能做谓语,有的能受"不"或"没"否定,带动态助词"过",甚至带宾语或补语。但除极个别外,受动复合词做谓语用例极少,频次极低,因此不宜归入动词。受动复合词通常能做主宾语,还能受定语直接修饰,受数量词语修饰,因此归入名词更为恰当。且受动复合词紧缩自受动短语,其前身就是名词性的。至于受动复合词主要直接做定语,做主宾语的比例不高,这是因为其语义为"受-动"构成的"事件",指称性弱的缘故。Patient-action compounds are recognized as verbs and nouns in 7th edition Modern Chinese Dictionary. In available corpora, patient-action compounds in the majority function as predicates in sentences, some of which can be negative structures with Bu（不） or Mei（没） in front, and can be followed with particle Guo（过） and even objects. Nevertheless, patient-action compounds cannot be convincingly recognized as verbs, because for most of them very few use cases can be found as predicates. It＇s more reasonable to classify patient-action compounds as nouns, not only for their usual function as subjects or objects, but also for the fact that they can be modified by attributes like numeral-classifier structures. But moreover, because of the obscure referentiality of event derived from the semantic structure patient-action, patient-action compounds can mainly function as attributes directly but subjects or objects seldom. Accordingly, a conclusion can be made that patient-action compounds are event nouns with weak referentiality.

关 键 词：受动复合词 词类 词性 

分 类 号：H146.2[语言文字—汉语]