工作环境污染、超时加班与外来工的精神健康——基于“二次打击”的理论视角  

Workplace Pollution,Working Overtime and Mental Health of Migrant Workers——Based on the Theory of Two-hit

作　　者：孙中伟[1] 张莉 张晓莹 SUN Zhong-wei;ZHANG Li;ZHANG Xiao-ying(Institute of Applied Sociology,East China University of Science and Technology,Shanghai 200237,China;Xuhui District Federation of Disabled,Shanghai 200032,China;School of Public Health,Texas A ＆ M University,778432 Texas,America)

机构地区：[1]华东理工大学应用社会学所,上海200237 [2]上海市徐汇区残联,上海200032 [3]美国德州农工大学公共卫生学院,美德州大学城778432

出　　处：《人口与发展》2018年第5期14-23,共10页Population and Development

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学青年项目"城市居民雾霾风险感知与环境保护参与机制"(15YJC840030);国家社会科学基金重大项目"特大城市社会风险系统治理研究"(16ZDA083)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：自2010年以来,学术界关于外来工精神健康的研究越来越多,但是这些研究没有给予工作环境污染和超时加班应有的重视。利用2013年8月七城市流动人口问卷调查数据,通过MLogit和OLS回归分析方法,对该问题进行研究。男性、生产工人、低教育程度者、制造业外来工,更容易处于有污染工作环境中,也更容易存在超时加班问题,这符合"二次打击"理论的描述,工作环境污染与严重加班之间并非独立事件,二者高度相关,覆盖着同一个群体;在污染工作环境中的外来工,精神健康状况更差,存在超时加班的外来工精神健康也越差,遭受"二次打击"的外来工,即同时存在工作环境污染和每天加班超过1个小时者,精神健康状况最为糟糕。据此,改善外来工的精神健康,不能将工作环境的污染和超时加班孤立对待,必须消除"二次打击"存在的制度根源,才能从根源上避免"二次打击"对外来工造成的精神创伤。Since 2010,there have been more and more researches on the mental health of migrant workers,but these studies have not given enough attention of workplace pollution and working overtime. Based on the data from migrant workers in seven cities collected in 2013, we found that ： the First, male, production workers, low-educated and manufacturing migrant workers are more likely to be polluted working place, it is also more prone to working overtime problems.According to two-hit hypothesis, the workplace pollution and serious overtime is not an independent event, the two highly relevant, covering the same group;the Second, mental health of migrant workers with the polluted working environment and overtime work will be worse, suffered＂ second strike＂ of migrant workers, that is the worst mental health situation. Therefore, this paper argues that improving the mental health of migrant workers can not isolate the workplace pollution and working overtime, and it is necessary to eliminate the root causes of the＂ two -hit＂ in order to avoid further destroy the mental health of migrant workers.

关 键 词：外来工 精神健康 环境污染 超时加班 二次打击 

分 类 号：C913[经济管理]