不同肥料施用对设施菠菜地NH_3挥发和N_2O排放的影响  

Emission of NH_3 and N_2O from Spinach Field Treated with Different Fertilizers

作　　者：山楠[1,2] 韩圣慧 刘继培[4] 陈清 袁玉玲[2] 王立刚[2] 李虎[2] SHAN Nan;HAN Sheng-hui;LIU Ji-pei;CHEN Qing;YUAN Yu-ling;WANG Li-gang;LI Hu(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;Daxing Soil and Fertilizer Workstation,Beijing 102600,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [3]中国科学院大气物理研究所,北京100029 [4]北京市大兴区土肥工作站,北京102600

出　　处：《环境科学》2018年第10期4705-4716,共12页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFF0101100;2012BAD15B01;2016YFD0201204);国家自然科学基金项目(41671303);北京市自然科学基金项目(6162024);中央级科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610132016042;1610132018040);中国农业科学院创新工程项目

摘　　要：以湖南设施菠菜地为研究对象,采用通气法和静态箱-气相色谱法研究了设施菠菜生长季施用工厂化堆肥(SC)、农民传统堆肥(SS)和单施化肥(FC)对土壤NH_3和N_2O排放的影响.结果表明在同等施氮水平下,与FC相比,SC处理能减少NH_3和N_2O排放量,分别减少52.9%和95.12%(P<0.01);SS处理则增加NH_3挥发量24.8%,减少N_2O排放量48.8%.不同处理NH_3损失率分别为SS(10.97%)>FC(4.19%)>SC(2.74%);N_2O排放系数分别为FC(4.50%)>SC(2.21%)>SS(0.60%);与FC处理相比,SC处理条件下菠菜产量和作物吸氮量分别降低19.61%和13.20%,差异不显著;SS处理则显著降低27.9%和40.0%(P<0.05).在该地区冬季设施菠菜田中,影响NH_3和N_2O排放的主要因素为土壤水分,环境温度不是此研究中影响气体排放的主要因素.因此,畜禽养殖固体废弃物经过不同处理后作为有机肥施入菠菜田,SC处理的菠菜可保证产量的同时,减少NH_3挥发和N_2O排放损失.Agricultural management techniques such as fertilizer or manure application have substantial influence on NH3 and N2O emissions and,by understanding this influence,management strategies can be developed to reduce them. An experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at Hunan Agricultural University during 2012 to 2013,to investigate effects of different fertilizers on NH3 and N2O emissions. The treatments included control without fertilizer（ CK）,swine composting fertilizer（ SC）,stored swine manure fertilizer（ SS）,and chemical fertilizer（ FC）. The fluxes of NH3 and N2O were collected by venting method and static-chamber method,respectively. The results showed that during the spinach growth season,compared with FC,loss of both NH3 and N2O for SC were reduced by 52. 9% and 95. 12%,respectively（ P〈0. 01）. However,loss of NH3 for SS increased by 24. 8%,and loss of N2O reduced by 48. 8% compared with FC. Loss rate of NH3 were SS（ 10. 97%） 〉FC（ 4. 19%） 〉SC（ 2. 74%）,and emission coefficient for N2O were FC（ 4. 50%） 〉SC（ 2. 21%） 〉SS（ 0. 60%）. Yield and utilization of nitrogen for SC were reduced by 19. 61% and13. 20% compared with FC,respectively,but not significantly; and significantly reduced by 27. 9% and 40. 0% compared with SS,respectively. Loss of gases（ NH3 and N2O） for SC were 1. 83%,which was the lowest,while utilization of nitrogen for SC was13. 20%,similar with FC. Greenhouse temperature was not the critical factor during the spinach planting in winter,but soil water was.Therefore,optimizing manure management could reduce ammonia volatilization and N2O emission loss without decreasing vegetables production,and the present data indicated that SC would be optimal for better yields with reduced ammonia volatilization and N2O emission loss.

关 键 词：氨挥发 氧化亚氮 菠菜 猪粪 堆肥 肥料施用 

分 类 号：X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学]