关于《世界环境公约》的影响分析与应对策略  

The Impact Analysis and Coping Suggestions of Global Pact for the Environment

作　　者：赵子君 俞海 刘越 林昀 ZHAO Zijun;YU Hai;LIN Yun;LIU Yue(Policy Research Center for Environment and Economy,Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100029, China)

机构地区：[1]生态环境部环境与经济政策研究中心,北京100029

出　　处：《环境与可持续发展》2018年第5期116-120,共5页Environment and Sustainable Development

基　　金：生态环境部国库预算项目"同国际组织合作(2110106)"的部分成果

摘　　要：2018年5月联合国大会通过了研究建立《世界环境公约》框架的决议。本文基于现有公约草案文本,结合当前国际形势,分析公约对全球环境治理体系的可能影响包括:一是重新整合多边进程,促进全球环境体系秩序加强;二是有序区分共同责任,推动责任划分动态转变;三是推动公民"环境权"普遍生效,促进全社会共同参与。公约对我国环境治理进程的可能机遇包括:一是有助于增强我国在全球环境治理体系中的领导力与话语权;二是有助于推动提升我国环境治理体系现代化和国际化水平;三是有助于识别我国生态环保工作的优先领域,助力打好污染防治攻坚战。但另一方面,也意味着我国在环境治理方面约束增加、义务增强、挑战增多:一是各利益集团诉求分散,我国将面临较大的国际环境谈判压力;二是我国生态环保格局与全球环境治理关注的优先领域存在一定差异;三是公约实施将对我国环境治理能力提出更高要求。建议:一是进一步强化我国环境外交立场,争取国家利益最大化;二是加强能力建设,增强我国对公约适应能力;三是科学设立自主贡献目标,主动介入全球治理体系规则构建;四是积极跟进公约进程,加快开展政策研判。The UN General Assembly has adopted a resolution ＂Towards a Global Pact for the Environment ＂by which it decided to establish a working group to identify gaps in international environmental law,and possibly convene a conference for the creation of a new international instrument. Being favored by most member states, the resolution is ready for further negotiation. There are three potential influences of the Global Pact：（ 1） reinforce the order of global environmental governance through re-intergrating multilateral co-operation;（ 2） distribute differentiated obligations through promoting distribution of common but differentiated responsibilities;（ 3） promote social participation through protecting the human right to a clean and healthy environment. The Pact can help China to achieve targets in the following regions：（ 1） to increase voice and leadership in global environmental governance;（ 2） to improve modernization and international level in national environmental governance system;（ 3） to recognize the priority areas and win the tough pollution control battle. However the Pact may also bring us issues and challenges including：（ 1） increased pressure from other countries in negotiation;（ 2） our domestic environmental conservation concerns need to match the global hotspots more;（ 3） implementing the Global Pact may go beyond our ability in environmental governance. Therefore,we suggest to：（ 1） emphasize our position in environmental diplomacy to maximize our national interest;（ 2） strengthen capability building to make better adaptation;（ 3） scientifically establish the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions（ INDCs） and actively intervene in the construction of global governance system;（ 4）keep tracking the Pact progress and conduct researches and analysis as soon as possible.

关 键 词：《世界环境公约》 中国环境治理进程 国际形势 

分 类 号：X22[环境科学与工程—环境科学]