568例急诊科自杀未遂患者特征分析与管理对策  

Characteristics of suicide attempters visiting the emergency department

作　　者：胡德英 柳丽茗 邓先锋 张丽华 杨霞[4] 向莉 冯霞 王伟仙 Hu Deying;Liu Liming;Deng Xianfeng;Zhang Lihua;Yang Xia;Xiang Li;Feng Xia;Wang Weixian(Department of Nursing,Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430022,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院护理部,湖北武汉430022 [2]华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院急诊科,湖北武汉430022 [3]华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院神经外科,湖北武汉430022 [4]华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院门诊部,湖北武汉430022 [5]华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院感染科,湖北武汉430022

出　　处：《护理学杂志》2018年第18期15-17,共3页Journal of Nursing Science

基　　金：2016年国家自然科学基金项目(71673100)

摘　　要：目的了解急诊科自杀未遂患者的特征,为开展针对性护理干预提供依据。方法运用回顾性调查方法,采用自行设计的急诊科自杀未遂患者信息登记表,收集患者一般人口学资料、自杀时间、自杀原因、自杀方式、病情严重程度等特征。结果 568例自杀未遂患者中女性占64.08%,男女比例为1∶1.78;青年自杀未遂者居多(53.70%)。自杀方式以服毒为主,主要使用的毒物为农药(71.13%),其次为安眠药(16.02%)。家庭矛盾为主要原因(26.94%),其次为婚恋受挫(20.95%)。结论自杀已成为一种严重的公共卫生问题,应引起社会及医护人员的高度重视,呼吁全社会及医院积极广泛开展患者心理健康促进及自杀三级预防普及工作,降低自杀率。Objective To analyze the characteristics of suicide attempters visiting the emergency department of a general hospital,and to provide references for targeted nursing intervention.Methods A retrospective survey was conducted to describe the epidemiological characteristics of suicide attempters visiting the emergency department of a general hospital.Researchers used a self-made registration information table to collect information about demographic data,the time of suicide attempt,causes of suicide,suicide methods,the severity of suicide,et al.Results A total of 568 suicide attempters were included,with female accounting for 64.08%,and a male to female ratio being 1∶1.78,and people aged between 18 to 44 years taking up 53.70 %.The most commonly used method of suicide was pesticides poisoning（71.13%）,and sleeping pills（16.02%）.The main causes of suicide were family conflict（26.94%）and a setback in marriage or in a romantic relationship（20.95%）.Conclusion Suicide has become a serious public health problem.The society and medical staff should attach great importance to suicides and call on all to boost the construction of a 3-level prevention program on mental health promotion and suicide so as to lower suicide rate.

关 键 词：急诊科 自杀未遂 服毒 安眠药 护理管理 三级预防 

分 类 号：R47[医药卫生—护理学] R197.323[医药卫生—临床医学]