纤维素酶对干玉米秸秆/白菜废弃物混贮品质的影响及细菌群落解析  

Effects of cellulase on the mixed silage quality of dried maize straw and cabbage waste and an analysis of its bacterial community

作　　者：任海伟[1,2] 刘菲菲 王莉 范文广[1] 李志忠[1] 王昱[2] 蓝雯琳 李金平 REN Haiwei;LIU Feifei;WANG Li;FAN Wenguang;LI Zhizhong;WANG Yu;LAN Wenlin;LI Jinping(School of Life Science and Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China;Key Laboratory of Complementary Energy System of Biomass and Solar Energy,Lanzhou 730050,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州理工大学生命科学与工程学院,兰州730050 [2]甘肃省生物质能与太阳能互补供能系统重点实验室,兰州730050

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2018年第5期1097-1106,共10页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51666010,51366009);甘肃省自然科学基金项目(1606RJZA206,1606RJYA287,1606RJZA196,17JR5RA117);中国科学院环境与应用微生物重点实验室暨环境微生物四川省重点实验室开放基金项目(KLCAS-2016-10);甘肃省高等学校科研项目(2016-A-011)资助~~

摘　　要：为实现干秸秆的跨季节保质贮存,并改善其湿法贮存品质,研究纤维素酶添加量对干玉米秸秆（DMS）与白菜废弃物（CW）混贮发酵品质的影响,解析贮存过程中细菌菌群的动态演替规律.设置对照组（ME,无酶添加）、低剂量组（CA,添加量0.1%）和高剂量组（CB,添加量0.3%）,18±1℃恒温密闭贮存170 d,间隔一定时间分析有机组分含量和发酵品质,并利用Miseq高通量测序技术研究细菌多样性的动态变化.结果表明,与ME组相比,CA组和CB组在贮存170 d期间的可溶性碳水化合物含量显著升高,酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维、纤维素、综纤维素含量及p H值均显著下降;30-60 d期间CA组和CB组的氨氮/总氮值显著下降,90 d后有升高趋势.贮存170 d期间CA组和CB组中乳酸含量显著增加,乳酸/乙酸比值和乳酸/总有机酸比值得到优化,提高了乳酸发酵程度,改善了发酵品质.细菌群落分析显示,DMS与CW两种废弃物原料有乳酸菌互补性,有利于混贮发酵反应快速启动;加入纤维素酶后的CA组和CB组中门水平优势菌Firmicutes和Proteobacteria及属水平优势菌Paralactobacillus和Lactobacillus相对丰度提高,Enterobacter等腐败细菌于130 d时消失,有益乳酸菌的总丰度始终保持50%以上（除90d的CA组）.总之,干玉米秸秆和白菜废弃物密闭混贮能确保干秸秆贮存近半年不变质,添加纤维素酶效果更佳,结合酶成本等因素,生产实践中推荐添加量为0.1%（原料鲜重的0.1%）.Dry maize straw （DMS） and cabbage waste （CW） were mixed and ensiled for trans-seasonal storage and examined to improve the wet storage quality of DMS, test the effects of different doses of cellulase on silage quality, and investigate the dynamics of the bacterial community within this mixed silage. This experiment used the following treatments： the control group ME （without enzyme addition）, group CA （with the addition of cellulase at a low dose of 0.1%）, and group CB （with the addition of cellulase at a high dose of 0.3%）. All treatment groups were preserved in an airtight container for 170 day at 18±1℃, and the chemical composition, fermentation quality, and bacterial community were observed in each group. The content of water soluble carbohydrates in groups CA and CB increased significantly compared to that in group ME. In contrast, the content of acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, crude cellulose, holocellulose, and pH in groups CA and CB decreased significantly compared to group ME during storage for 170 days. The ratio of ammonia nitrogen to total nitrogen （AN/TN） in both groups CA and CB decreased significantly between 30 and 60 days, but then underwent an increasing trend after 90 days. The ratio of lactic acid to acetic acid （LA/AA） and the ratio of lactic acid to total organic acid （LA/TOA） were both increased by the addition of cellulase, which indicated that the intensity of lactic acid fermentation was improved. During the storageprocess, the mixed fermentations of DMS and CW were complementary in terms of the abundance of lactic acid bacteria they stimulated, which is beneficial because it permitted the fermentation reaction to start quickly. The dominant bacteria at the phylum level were mainly Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, while the dominant bacteria at the genus level were mainly Paralactobacillus and Lactobacillus, the abundances of which were both increased by the addition of cellulose regardless of the dose used. Spoilage bacteria, such as Ent

关 键 词：干玉米秸秆 白菜废弃物 纤维素酶 混贮品质 细菌群落 

分 类 号：X712[环境科学与工程—环境工程] Q938.1[生物学—微生物学]