美国核电厂取用水量及水资源条件的研究  

An Overview of Water Withdrawal Levels and Water Resource Conditions for NPP in the USA

作　　者：上官志洪[1] 黄彦君[1] 姜秋[2] 覃春丽[1] 徐月平[1] Shangguan Zhihong;Huang Yanjun;Jiang Qiu;Qin Chunli;Xu Yueping(Suzhou Nuclear Power Research Institute,CGN,Suzhou 215004,China;Water Resources Management Centre of Ministry of Water Resource,Beijing 100053,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州热工研究院有限公司,苏州215004 [2]水利部水资源管理中心,北京100053

出　　处：《核安全》2018年第5期71-79,共9页Nuclear Safety

基　　金：水利部水资源管理;节约与保护业务项目;项目编号:20151905

摘　　要：为对我国核电厂选址、水资源论证及用水指标提供参考,本文调研了美国核电厂的冷却方式、取水量和相关水资源问题,分析了美国在核电厂取水等方面的法规标准要求。美国核电厂水资源条件有较大的差别,近年来部分地区已开始逐步淘汰直流循环冷却方式。分析了不同冷却类型核电厂的取水水平,直流循环冷却方式和自然通风冷却方式的取水水平分别约为4. 8×10^(-2)m^3·s^(-1)·MW^(-1)和1. 2×10^(-3)m^3·s^(-1)·MW^(-1)。In this paper, the cooling modes, the water withdrawal levels and the water resource conditions for nuclear power plant （NPP） in the USA was investigated from public released reports of US Nuclear Regulatory Commission. It was statistically analyzed that the water consumptions for different cooling modes and water resource conditions was varied, the normalized water consumptions were averaged as 4. 8 xl0-2m3· s-1 · MW-land 1.2x10-3m3 · s-1 · MW-1 for that with cooling water system of once-through and natural draft cooling towers, respectively. Meanwhile, the water resource regulation for NPP in the USA was preliminarily analyzed, indicating that the banning once-through cooling system for the NPP was gradually recognized in the USA due to the impacts on the aquatic organisms. The experiences over more than 40 years from the USA with the most populated nuclear power in the world could bring the meaningful instructions for nuclear power siting, water resource management and the establishing the water consumption index for nuclear power in China.

关 键 词：美国 核电厂 取水水平 水资源条件 

分 类 号：X1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]