高考作弊行为的法律处置:法律性质、制度安排与立法完善  

On the Legal Disposition of China's College Entrance Examination Cheating:Legal Nature,System Arrangement and Legislative Perfection

作　　者：廖伟伟[1,2] 伏金玉 LIAO Weiwei;FU Jinyu(Institute of Higher Education,Anhui University,Hefei 230039,China;Law School,Anhui University,Hefei 230601,China;Shushan District People＇s Procuratorate,Hefei 230031,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽大学高等教育研究所,合肥230039 [2]安徽大学法学院,合肥230601 [3]安徽省合肥市蜀山区人民检察院,合肥230031

出　　处：《重庆高教研究》2018年第6期46-59,共14页Chongqing Higher Education Research

基　　金：安徽省哲学社会科学规划青年项目"安徽省高考制度改革中的重大法律问题研究"(AHSKQ2015D17)

摘　　要：依法对高考作弊行为进行处置是国家教育考试法律制度的重要组成部分。在全面依法治国的背景下,基于秩序的高考公平需要更加精准的法律制度设计予以保障。2015年,《刑法修正案(九)》的颁布实施确定了国家考试秩序为基本的刑事法益保护标准,《教育法》的修订使国家对教育考试作弊行为的处置有了较为精确的执法依据。2018年自《宪法修正案》以及《监察法》颁布实施之后,高考作弊行为的法律处置进入新的时期,需要考虑法律修改与监察立法的综合影响,对执法主体职权的合理配置、执法程序的规范、行政执法与监察及司法的衔接、法律责任的安排等都需要进一步明晰与完善。立足于当前的执法实践,需要尽快在国家教育考试领域构建刑事部门法与行政部门法之间的横向立法协调,与教育法规范之间的纵向立法协调,建立行政执法、监察与刑事司法协作制度,完善《刑法》中有关高考作弊主体的认定及共同犯罪行为的定罪量刑规则。Dealing with cheating in college entrance examination according to the law is an important part of the national education examination legal system. In the context of comprehensively governing the country according to law,the fairness of the college entrance examination based on order requires a more precise legal system design to guarantee. In 2015,the promulgation and implementation of the Criminal Law Amendment（ IX） established the national legal order as the basic legal protection standard. The revision of the education law made the national education examination cheating have a more precise law enforcement basis. After the amendment of the Constitution of 2018 and the promulgation and implementation of the Supervision Law,the legal disposal of cheating in the college entrance examination entered a new period. At present,it is necessary to consider the comprehensive impact of legal revision and supervision legislation,and the need for further rationalization and improvement of the rational allocation of the powers of law enforcement subjects,the regulation of law enforcement procedures,the connection between administrative law enforcement and supervision and judicial,and the reasonable arrangement of legal responsibilities. Based on the current practice of law enforcement,it is necessary to construct the horizontal legislation coordination between the criminal department law and the administrative department law,the vertical legislation coordination between the educational law and norms,the administrative law enforcement,supervision,and the criminal judicial cooperation system as soon as possible in the field of national education examination,so as to perfect the rules concerning the identification of the subject of cheating in the college entrance examination and the conviction and sentencing of joint criminal acts.

关 键 词：高考作弊 考试法治 考试法律制度 宪法修正案 监察法 

分 类 号：G639.21[文化科学—教育学] D90-059[政治法律—法学理论]