美国私人高等教育捐赠的动机模型、影响要素与发展特点  

Motivation Models,Influencing Factors and Developmental Characteristics of Private Higher Education Donation in the United States

作　　者：林成华 周文忠[3] LIN Chenghua;ZHOU Wenzhong(School of Public Affairs,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China;Institute of China＇s Science,Technology,Education Policy,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 3]0058,China;Institute of Child Culture,Zhejiang Normal University,Jinhua 32]004,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学公共管理学院,杭州310058 [2]浙江大学中国科教战略研究院,杭州310058 [3]浙江师范大学儿童文化研究院,金华321004

出　　处：《重庆高教研究》2018年第6期86-98,共13页Chongqing Higher Education Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育科学规划课题"‘供给侧改革’视域下我国大学筹资制度改革研究"(CIA160228);全国教育科学规划教育部重点课题"大宗筹款运动及其对‘双一流’建设的启示"(DIA160332)

摘　　要：美国私人高等教育捐赠扎根于基督教慈善文化土壤中,在美国经济社会变革和高等教育的发展进程中不断汲取营养并发展壮大,形成了浓郁的社会文化传统、完备的法律政策体系和专业化的运作机制,彰显富裕群体对高等教育重要价值的认知以及对社会改良和人类进步的美好愿望。私人高等教育捐赠主要受价值认知、经济利益、同伴压力、利他主义、感恩心理、社交需要、自我实现、特殊意图以及文化信仰的驱动,捐赠人不捐赠或停止捐赠主要受捐赠人自身特征与社会处境问题、沟通问题、劝募问题以及大学声望与捐赠管理问题等要素影响。美国私人高等教育呈现出个体捐赠人群体代际更替、科技企业年轻慈善家的崛起、女性慈善家发挥着越来越重要的作用、私人慈善投入科学研究等发展特点。The donation of private higher education in the United States is rooted in the charitable cultural soil of Christianity. In the course of the economic and social change and the development of higher education in the United States,the donation has been developed,forming a strong social and cultural tradition,a complete legal policy system and a specialized operation mechanism,showing the affluent＇recognition of the importance of higher education and the good will of social improvement and human progress,shining the warmth of human nature. Private higher education donations are mainly driven by the value cognition,economic interest,peer pressure,altruism,gratitude psychology,social needs,self-realization,special intentions and cultural beliefs. The donor＇s non-donation or stop donation are mainly affected by the factors such as the characteristics of the donor and the social situation,the problem of communication,the question of ask,and the university＇s prestige and management of donation. The private higher education in the United States shows the development characteristics of the intergenerational replacement of individual donor groups,the rise of young philanthropists in scientific and technological enterprises,and more and more important role of the female philanthropists and more scientific research of private charitable investment.

关 键 词：私人高等教育捐赠 动机模型 捐赠影响因素 发展特点 

分 类 号：G467.26[文化科学—教育学] G649.1[文化科学—教育技术学]