雇主在大学生就业中的角色定位探析——美国“人才管道管理”新举措的思考及启示  

Exploration on the Repositioning of Employers“Role on College Graduates”Employability:Analysis and Enlightenment of the US Talent Pipeline Management Initiative

作　　者：刘志刚 张彦通[1] LIU Zhi-gang;ZHANG Yan-tong(Institute of Higher Education,Beihang University,Beijing,1000191)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学高等教育研究院,北京100091

出　　处：《清华大学教育研究》2018年第5期99-106,124,共9页Tsinghua Journal of Education

基　　金：国家自然科学基金应急管理项目"创新型国家建设的人才战略及其教育对策研究"(71641008)

摘　　要："人才管道管理"计划(TPM)是由美国商会与美国联合助学基金发起的,倡议雇主在大学生就业能力培养中发挥主导作用,旨在改善高校人才和市场需求匹配度的一项创新实践。文章对TPM出台背景、理论基础及运行原则、实施战略和质量认证四方面进行回顾和分析。TPM持续良好的实践效果从循证决策层面证实了雇主作为核心利益相关主体在大学生就业问题治理创新中具有举足轻重的地位。雇主、高校和政府等多元利益相关主体深度参与大学生就业能力培养实践,在整体性治理视域下,借鉴供应链管理等科学手段构建有效的治理关系网络,可实现毕业生就业能力培养机制的最优合作效果。美国联邦政府近年来的相关政策倾向以及公众对科技变革背景下新就业模式的舆论导向也日益彰显出雇主驱动定位的发展趋势。TPM创新的成功实践探索为我国企业、政府和高校在推动大学生就业能力发展方面提供了宝贵的经验和启示。The U.S.Chamber of Commerce Foundation（USCCF）launched the Talent Pipeline Management（TPM）initiative which is a new way of addressing the college graduates＇ skills gap by positioning employers in a more central role as key customers of higher education.The article reviews and analyzes TPM from four aspects：the background,theory basis and operating principles,implementation strategy,and quality assurance.The positive effect of TPM practice verifies that employers,as the key stakeholders,are supposed to play agreater role in the graduate placement governance system.Employers,universities and government can achieve the optimal collaborative effect in improving graduates＇ employability through talent supply chain management and the construction of an effective multistakeholders governance network based on the principle of holistic governance.The recent policy tendencies of the U.S.federal Government and the public opinion orientation of the new employment model under the context of the fourth industrial revolution have increasingly demonstrated the trend of the employer-driven orientation.The successful practice of TPM in the United States has provided valuable experiences and inspirations for Chinese enterprises,governments and universities in enhancing the employability of college graduates.

关 键 词：人才管道管理 大学生就业 雇主 供应链管理 美国 

分 类 号：G40-058[文化科学—教育学原理]