排队车辆工况构建及经济效益分析  

Construction of Queuing Vehicle's Driving Cycle and Analysis on Its Economic Benefit

作　　者：常云涛[1] 苏斌 CHANG Yun-tao;SU Bin(School of Traffic ＆ Transportation Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 201804,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学交通运输工程学院,上海201804

出　　处：《公路交通科技》2018年第11期100-109,共10页Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development

基　　金：上海市科学技术委员会科研计划项目(17ZR1431800)

摘　　要：收费站前,车辆排队等候服务的现象普遍存在,一方面排队现象增加了车辆的行程延误,另一方面排队中车辆频繁启停,增加了车辆的能耗以及对环境的污染。对于收费站而言,车辆的运行状态与车辆距离收费站的距离有着更加明显的关系,越接近收费站,车辆受前车影响越大,车辆的起停更加频繁,相比于速度-时间描述车辆的行驶工况,构建速度-空间的行驶工况更符合车辆在收费站前的运行特征。基于对行驶工况模型现有的研究,通过分析高速公路收费站出口处排队车辆运行工况数据,使用聚类分析和马尔可夫过程结合的方法构建排队车辆空间工况模型。模型主要包含划分空间区段、建立空间工况数据库、拼接工况片段3部分。通过与实际工况数据的速度-加速度联合分布进行对比表明模型能够很好地拟合出排队车辆的运行工况。另外,根据排队车辆的油耗及排放与VSP之间的关系,借助构建的空间工况模型对排队区间车辆的行程延误、油耗增加量以及排放增加量进行分析:将行程延误和油耗增加量量化为道路使用者成本增加量,将排放增加量量化为政府环境治理投入的增加量,分析了收费站出口处的排队现象的经济效益。Vehicle queuing is a common phenomenon at toll station. On the one hand,the queuing phenomenon increases the travel delay of vehicle,on the other hand,it increases the energy consumption and the pollution to the environment because of the frequent start and stop of the vehicle in the queue. For the toll station,there is an obvious relation between vehicle operation status and the distance of the vehicle away from the station,that is,the closer a vehicle is to the station,the larger the effect of vehicles ahead is imposed on the vehicle,and the more frequently the vehicle stops and goes. The speed-distance based driving cycle is more suitable for the operation characteristics of vehicles queuing at a toll station than the speed-time based driving cycle. Based on the study of driving cycle model,through analysis on the data concerning the driving cycle of vehicles queuing at the expressway toll station exit,in combination with the proposed clustering analysis and Markov process,a space-based driving cycle model of queuing vehicles is built. The model consists of 3 parts： space division,establishment of space-based driving cycle database,and driving cycle splicing. Compared with the velocity-acceleration co-distribution of the actual driving cycle data,it shows that the model can fit the driving cycle of the queuing vehicles well. In addition,according to the relationship of fuel consumption and emission of the queuing vehicle with VSP,and using the proposed model of space-baseddriving cycle,the additional delay,fuel consumption and emissions increase of the toll queue are analyzed.The travel delay and fuel consumption increase are quantified as the increase in the cost of road users,the emission increase is quantified as the increase in government investment in ecological improvement,and the economic benefits of the toll station exit queuing phenomenon is analyzed.

关 键 词：交通工程 工况构建 聚类分析 马尔可夫过程 收费站 量化分析 

分 类 号：U491.2[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]