基于多重因素混合设计和眼动追踪的自闭症谱系障碍儿童情绪面孔识别  

The perception of emotional facial expressions by children with autism using hybrid multiple factorial design and eye-tracking

作　　者：王广帅[1] 陈靓影[1] 张坤[1] Guangshuai Wang;Jingying Chen;Kun Zhang(National Engineering Research Center for E-Learning,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学国家数字化学习工程技术研究中心,武汉430079

出　　处：《科学通报》2018年第31期3204-3216,共13页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家社会科学基金(16BSH107)资助

摘　　要：自闭症谱系障碍儿童普遍存在情绪面孔识别和理解的缺陷,是导致其社交/沟通障碍的核心来源.本研究选取了82名年龄在2～7岁的儿童,包括自闭症(ASD)儿童31名,典型发展(TD)儿童51名,基于多重因素混合设计实验,探索影响ASD儿童情绪面孔识别的主要因素及其交互作用;通过眼动追踪技术分析ASD儿童情绪面孔识别的注视特征及加工模式,以及其对情绪面孔识别任务的影响.结果发现,被试类型、表情类别及表情强度对识别正确率具有主效应,各因素间存在交互作用并共同影响ASD儿童的情绪面孔识别能力;同时情绪面孔识别正确率及反应时在性别和年龄方面存在显著差异;ASD儿童对动态表情的识别能力显著优于2D和3D静态表情,具有动态加工优势.与TD儿童相比,ASD儿童存在特异性情绪面孔加工方式,对面孔区域的平均注视点及注视时间偏低,并且多关注嘴部及无关背景信息、较少注视眼睛等特征区域,倾向于局部特征加工方式.研究结果表明,表情材料、表情类别、表情强度及被试年龄和性别等因素共同作用并影响ASD儿童的情绪面孔识别能力,并且具有动态加工和嘴部注视的优势效应;动态表情更符合真实生活情境,可以作为情绪面孔识别干预的有效训练材料;特异性的面孔加工方式及眼动特征有助于理解ASD儿童的情绪面孔识别障碍,并可以辅助ASD儿童的早期识别.Children with autism spectrum disorder（ASD） have the deficits in emotional facial expression recognition and understanding, which is considered as the core source of their social communication disorder and stereotype behaviour. Previous studies have suggested that individuals with ASD have the deficits in the perception of static emotional facial expressions, but results are inconclusive. The use of 3D or dynamic facial stimuli that express emotions at different levels of intensities may produce more robust results, since these resemble the expression of emotions in daily life to a greater extent. In this study, 30 children（aged 2–7 years） with ASD and 51 age-matched children with typical development（TD） performed an emotion recognition（ER） task, in which morphs, presented on a computer screen, depicted facial expressions associated with two basic emotions（happiness and fear） at four levels of emotional intensity（25%–100%）. Using a hybrid-design experiment and eye-tracking technology, we explored the influencing factors of ER in children with ASD and their interaction. In addition, we analyzed the gaze characteristics and processing patterns of children with ASD during the ER, and their impact on ER. The results showed that the type of subject, expression category, and intensity of expression had the main effect on recognition accuracy, and there was interaction among the factors that affected the emotional face recognition ability of the children with ASD. Moreover, children with ASD and TD both had an advantage when recognizing dynamic expressions rather than static expressions in 2D or 3D. The recognition accuracy of 3D expressions of children with TD was higher than that of 2D expressions, but children with ASD had the opposite result. The recognition accuracy of fearful expression for both ASD and TD groups was significantly better than that of happy expression. There was an interaction effect between gender and expression category, but age was not significant. In particular, girl

关 键 词：自闭症谱系障碍 情绪面孔 眼动追踪 加工机制 

分 类 号：R749.94[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]