旱地土壤N2O排放特征及影响因素分析  

Characteristics and Influencing Factors of N_2O Emission in Dryland Soil

作　　者：孙光[1] 李果[1] 罗遵兰[1,2] 吕凤春[1] 邹源[3] SUN Guang1, LI Guo1, LUO Zun-lan1,2,LV Feng-chun1, ZOU Yuan3,(1.Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; 2. China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; 3. Guangxi Mountainous A rea Integrated Teahnology Devetopment Center, Nanning 530012, China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院国家环境保护区域生态过程与功能评估重点实验室,北京100012 [2]中国农业大学,北京100083 [3]广西山区综合技术开发中心,广西南宁530012

出　　处：《土壤通报》2018年第5期1220-1224,共5页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

摘　　要：N_2O是重要的温室气体之一,其增温效应是CO_2的150~200倍。旱地土壤是N_2O主要排放源,其排放通量在介于0~1000μg m^(-2) h-1,旱地作物生长期土壤N_2O排放通量一般呈现1~3次峰值。通过对旱地N_2O排放影响因素分析,总结出:正常施肥结合秸秆还田>农民传统施肥或习惯性施肥>优化施肥、优化施肥+有机肥、控释肥+有机肥、控释肥,有机肥>有机无机混肥>缓释尿素、生物质碳、硝化抑制剂;土壤N_2O的排放量与土壤含水量、土壤温度呈正相关,微咸水>再生水、清水;栽培模式对旱地N_2O排放的影响不明确,结果存在分歧;单种作物>混合作物;菜地>玉米地>小麦>大豆;农林系统>撂荒地>农草系统>纯玉米地系统;硝化和反硝化作用、土壤中的硝化细菌、地表温度、土壤温度、酸雨、土壤PH值等其他因素也影响N_2O的排放。Nitrous oxide （N20）, one of the major greenhouse gases, presents a global warming potential 150 to 200 times higher than carbon dioxide （CO2）. Soil N20 emission of dryland in agro-ecosystem is considerably high, and its flux ranges from 0 to 1000 pug m-2 h-1 and shows three peaks in the crop growing seasons. The influencing factors of N20 emissions in dryland showed the order of normal fertilization combined with straw returning 〉 traditional fertilization 〉 optimized fertilization, optimized fertilization combined with organic fertilizer, controlled release fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer, controlled release fertilizer, organic fertilizer 〉organic-inorganic fertilizer 〉 slow-release urea, biochar, nitrification inhibitor. N20 emission from soil was positively correlated with soil water content and soil temperature, and it was higher in brackish water than that in reclaimed water and clear water. The impact of cultivation mode on N20 emissions in dryland was not clear. The N20 emissions showed the order of single crops〉 mixed crops; vegetable plots 〉 maize plots 〉 wheat 〉 soybeans; agroforestry systems 〉 abandoned land 〉 agro-grass systems 〉 pure maize systems. Other factors such as nitrification and denitrification, nitrifying bacteria in soil, land surface temperature, soil temperature, acid rain, and soil pH also affected N20 emissions.

关 键 词：旱地 N2O 排放特征 影响因素 

分 类 号：X171.3[环境科学与工程—环境科学]