华北某市PM_(2.5)中重金属污染评价  

Pollution evaluation of heavy metals on PM_(2.5) in a city of North China

作　　者：刘肖 左书梅[1] 张莹[1] 陈凤格[1] 阎香娟 杨立学[1] LIU Xiao;ZUO Shumei;ZHANG Ying;CHEN Fengge;YAN Xiangjuan;YANG Lixue(Institute of Enviromental Health,Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shijiazhuang 050017,Hebei,China;School of Public Health,Hebei Medical University,Shijiazhuang 050017,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]石家庄市疾病预防控制中心环境卫生所,河北石家庄050017 [2]河北医科大学公共卫生学院,河北石家庄050017

出　　处：《山东大学学报（医学版）》2018年第11期116-122,共7页Journal of Shandong University:Health Sciences

基　　金：河北省自然科学基金(C2016106056);河北省卫生医学重点研究项目(20150170);石家庄市科技局项目(171462073)

摘　　要：目的了解2014年华北某市空气中大气细颗粒物PM_(2.5)及其重金属的污染特征。方法以该市主城区大气细颗粒物PM_(2.5)为研究对象,对PM_(2.5)质量浓度及其重金属(As、Cd、Co、Cr、Hg、Ni、Pb、Ti)元素含量进行测定分析,采用富集因子法、地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数对所研究区域在采暖期和非采暖期PM_(2.5)中重金属的来源、污染程度和生态风险进行评价。结果 2014年该市主城区PM_(2.5)质量浓度在采暖期和非采暖期有较大差别,平均浓度分别为184μg/m^3和96μg/m^3。从重金属来源方面分析,Cd、Hg的富集因子都> 40,属于极强富集,Pb为极强富集或强富集,人为污染较重; As显著富集,受自然和人为双重影响;采暖期Ti显著富集,非采暖期Ti为强富集,受人为影响都比较大。Co、Cr、Ni均为轻微富集,主要来源于自然,受人为影响小。从污染程度来看,采暖期PM_(2.5)中重金属污染程度依次为Cd> Hg> Pb> Ti> As> Cr> Ni=Co;非采暖期Cd> Hg> Pb> Ti> As> Pb> Ni=Cr> Co,采暖期和非采暖期Cd污染程度均最严重。采暖期Hg、Pb、As和Ti污染程度明显高于非采暖期。在PM_(2.5)中重金属Cd的潜在生态危害程度属于极强,Hg属于强生态危害,As、Co、Cr、Ni、Pb、Ti属于轻微生态危害。PM_(2.5)中多种重金属的综合潜在生态风险指数大于600,总体来说有着极强生态危害。结论 2014年该市采暖期采样日和重污染天气中部分重金属的富集程度、污染程度以及生态危害程度较非采暖期严重,对在采暖期该环境下的人群健康具有一定的影响。Objective To understand the pollution characteristics of PM2.5 and heavy metals in PM2.5 in a city of North China in 2014. Methods Taking the main city as the research subject,the concentrations of PM2.5 and heavy metals（ As,Cd,Co,Cr,Hg,Ni,Pb and Ti） in PM2.5 were determined. The source,pollution degree and ecological risk of heavy metals of PM2.5 during heating and non-heating period were evaluated by the enrichment factor（ EF）,the ground accumulation index and the potential ecological risk index. Results The concentration of PM2.5 in the main area was significantly different between the heating period and non-heating period in 2014. The mean concentrations of PM2.5 in the two periods were 184 μg/m3 and 96 μg/m3,respectively. The EFs of Cd,Hg and Pb indicated that they were highly enriched during heating and non-heating period,so they were mainly from human activities. As which was influenced by both nature and human activities,was significantly enriched. Ti was significantly enriched in the heating period andstrongly enriched in the non heating period,Co、Cr and Ni was slightly enriched in the heating period which mainly came from the earth＇s crust and slightly affected by human activities. The orders of heavy metals pollution degree in PM2.5 in heating period and non-heating period were Cd〉 Hg 〉Pb 〉Ti〉 As〉 Cr〉 Ni = Co and Cd〉 Hg〉 Ti 〉As 〉Pb〉 Ni = Cr〉 Co. The most serious pollution was Cd. The pollution degree of Hg,Pb and Ti in heating period was obviously higher than in non-heating period. The potential ecological risk of Cd in PM2.5 was extremely strong. Hg had a strong ecological risk,and As,Co,Cr,Ni,Pb and Ti had slight ecological risks. The comprehensive ecological risk index of heavy metals in PM2.5 was more than 600,meaning the potential ecological risk was extremely strong. Conclusion The degree of enrichment,pollution and ecological risk of heavy metals of PM2.5 during the sampling days and heavy polluted weather in heating period were more serious than that in non

关 键 词：PM2. 5 重金属 富集因子 地累积指数 潜在生态风险指数 

分 类 号：R574[医药卫生—消化系统]