华南主要树木丛枝菌根真菌物种多样性调查研究  

Investigation on Species Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Occurring in the Main Tree Species in Southern China

作　　者：赖文珍 王思佳[1] 胡文涛 唐明[1] 谢贤安 LAI Wen-zhen;WANG Si-jia;HU Wen-tao;TANG Ming;XIE Xian-an(Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm,College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学广东省森林植物种质创新与利用重点实验室林学与风景园林学院,广东广州510642

出　　处：《西北林学院学报》2018年第6期171-179,共9页Journal of Northwest Forestry University

基　　金："十三五"国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD060081);国家自然科学基金项目(41671268);华南农业大学科研启动经费项目(4400-218066)

摘　　要：为调查华南地区丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhiza,AM)真菌的物种多样性与资源分布状况,本研究对该区域红花羊蹄甲(Bauhinia blakeana)、黄梁木(Neolamarckia cadamba)、构树(Broussonetia papyrifera)、尾叶桉(Eucalyptus urophylla)和杧果(Mangifera indica)5种主要树木AM真菌侵染状况进行研究,通过形态学特征及核糖体18S rRNA基因序列分析鉴定AM真菌种类。结果表明:1)5种树木均能形成丛枝菌根,红花羊蹄甲和尾叶桉为疆南星型(Arum-type),杧果、构树和黄梁木为重楼型(Paris-type)。红花羊蹄甲和杧果的菌根侵染率高、孢子密度大,构树、黄梁木和尾叶桉的AM真菌侵染率和孢子密度相对较低。2)鉴定出AM真菌5属8种,分别为无梗囊霉属(Acaulospora)的浅窝无梗囊霉(Acaulospora lacunosa)和刺无梗囊霉(Acaulospora spinosa),斗管囊霉属(Funneliformis)的摩西斗管囊霉(Funneliformis mosseae),根孢囊霉属(Rhizophagus)的根内根孢囊霉(Rhizophagus intraradices),以及球囊霉属(Glomus)的3种Glomus spp.和硬囊霉属(Sclerocystis)1种Sclerocystis sp.。3)球囊霉属的AM真菌广泛分布在红花羊蹄甲、杧果和构树根际,刺无梗囊霉分布在杧果和尾叶桉根际,摩西斗管囊霉为优势种,分布在构树和黄梁木根际;而浅窝无梗囊霉和硬囊霉只分布在1种树根际,表明其宿主专一性相对较强。结果显示华南树木根际土壤中AM真菌物种多样性较高,同时本研究为深入研究该地区林木根际AM真菌功能多样性提供了初步科学依据。In order to investigate the species diversity and resource distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungi in South China,we investigated the colonization status of AM fungi in the roots of Bauhinia blakeana,Neolamarckia cadamba,Broussonetia papyrifera,Eucalyptus urophylla and Mangifera indica in the region,and identified AM fungi by morphological characteristics and ribosomal 18S rRNA gene sequence analyses.The results showed that 1） all five tree species were able to form AM associations.The structures of AM occurred in the roots of B.blakeana and E.urophylla were Arum-type,while the Paris-type of AM was present in the roots of M.indica,B.papyrifera ,and N.cadamba .The AM fungal colonization and spore density of B.blakeana or M.indica were higher than those of B.papyrifera,N.cadamba or E.urophylla .2） Five genera,including eight species of AM fungi were identified as Acaulospora lacunosa and A.spinosa in the genus Acaulospora,Funneliformis mosseae in Funneliformis,Rhizophagus intraradices in Rhizophagus ,three species of Glomus spp.in Glomus ,and one in Sclerocystis .3） The genus Glomus was widely distributed in the rhizosphere of B.blakeana,M.indica and B.papyrifera,A.spinosa was distributed in the rhizosphere of M.indica and E.urophylla ,whereas F.mosseae was the dominant species distributed in the rhizosphere of B.papyrifera and N.cadamba .However, A.lacunosa and Sclerocystis were only distributed in the roots of one tree species,indicative of the relatively strong host specificity of these AM fungi.These results showed that there existed higher species diversity of AM fungi in the rhizospheres of tree species in Southern China, and this investigation would also provide a preliminary scientific evidence for further studying the functional diversity of AM fungi from tree rhizospheres in this area.

关 键 词：华南树木 丛枝菌根真菌 物种多样性 侵染率 核糖体 18S RRNA 基因 

分 类 号：S763.15[农业科学—森林保护学]