基于事件相关电位的脑力疲劳评价方法研究  

Research on Mental Fatigue Based on Event-related Potential

作　　者：范晓丽 赵朝义[1] 罗虹[1] 张伟[2] FAN Xiao-li;ZHAO Chao-yi;LUO Hong;ZHANG Wei(China National Institute of Standardization,Beijing 100191,China;Beijing Special vehicle research institute,Beijing 100072,China)

机构地区：[1]中国标准化研究院,北京100191 [2]清华大学工业工程系,北京100072

出　　处：《人类工效学》2018年第5期1-10,共10页Chinese Journal of Ergonomics

基　　金：中国标准化研究院院长基金面上项目(522018Y-5943);中国标准化研究院院长基金重大项目(522018Y-5984)

摘　　要：目的模拟飞行员长时间连续执行仪表监控任务过程,利用事件相关电位(Event-related Potential,ERP)技术对脑力疲劳的评价展开研究,通过探讨脑力疲劳对注意能力的影响特征,从而获取有效的脑力疲劳评价指标。方法 20名受试者分别执行90 min的仪表监控任务来诱发脑力疲劳,利用主观评价和行为绩效的手段验证脑力疲劳诱发模型的有效性,同时发现相比疲劳前,受试者对注意任务的操作绩效水平降低,注意力下降,在此基础上利用配对T检验的方法比较疲劳前后的ERP成分,从而获取有效的评价指标。结果CPT-A-P3、NoGo-P3以及错误相关负波(Error Related Negativity,ERN)的波幅较疲劳前明显降低(均有P<0. 05),NoGo-P3、Go-P3以及NoGo-N2的潜伏期相比疲劳前明显延长(均有P <0. 05)。结果表明脑力疲劳导致注意资源分配减少,信息加工速度变慢,同时对反应抑制、冲突监测以及错误监控的功能造成了损伤。因此,P3,N2以及ERN在特定的认知模式下可作为潜在的脑力疲劳评价指标。结论本研究为评价和预测脑力疲劳提供了理论依据,对后期制定疲劳对抗措施具有重要的指导意义。Objective Mental fatigue was researched based on Event-related potential（ERP） in the simulation of pilots performing a long-term instrument monitoring task continuously,and the influence characteristics of mental fatigue on attention were discussed,from which the effective indices for mental fatigue were obtained. Methods Twenty objects were asked to perform a 90-min instrument monitoring task to induce mental fatigue,and the analysis of subjective evaluation and performance verified the validity of mental fatigue. Lower performance efficiency was found in the post-test of attention task,indicating the attention ability was impaired. Pair t-test was used to compare the ERP components before and after fatigue,and the effective evaluation indices for mental fatigue were obtained. Results The amplitudes of CPT-A-P300,NoGo-P3 and Error-related negativity（ERN） which were stimulated by the false response to NoGo,all decreased significantly（all in P〈0. 05）,and the latencies of NoGo-P3,Go-P3 and NoGo-N2 were all lengthened obviously（all in P〈0. 05）. These results demonstrated mental fatigue attenuated attention resource allocation and information processing,meanwhile the response inhibition and error monitor functions were impaired. Therefore,P300,N2 and ERN can be considered as potential indices of mental fatigue under a certain cognitive model. Conclusion This research provides theoretical foundation for the evaluation and prediction of mental fatigue,and significant for the development of fatigue countermeasure.

关 键 词：脑力疲劳 事件相关电位 注意 Go/NoGo CPT-AX 职业安全 工业工程 飞行员 航空安全 

分 类 号：B842.2[哲学宗教—基础心理学] TB18[哲学宗教—心理学]