蜜蜂免移虫技术研究与应用  

Research and Application of Honeybee Non-Grafting Larvae Technology

作　　者：张波[1] 吴小波[1] 廖春华[1] 何旭江[1] 颜伟玉[1] 曾志将[1] ZHANG Bo;WU XiaoBo;LIAO ChunHua;HE XuJiang;YAN WeiYu;ZENG ZhiJiang(Honeybee Research Institute,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 33004)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学蜜蜂研究所,南昌330045

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2018年第22期4387-4394,共8页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家蜂产业技术体系(CARS-44-kxj15)

摘　　要：【目的】在养蜂生产中,养蜂者进行蜂王浆生产和人工培育蜂王时,都需要人工移虫。人工移虫对养蜂者视力和熟练程度有较高要求,特别是随着我国劳动力成本的上升和养蜂者老龄化,人工移虫是养蜂生产亟需解决的一个技术瓶颈。在国家蜂产业技术体系连续十年资助下,笔者团队一直在从事蜜蜂免移虫技术研究工作,旨在解决人工移虫问题,为蜜蜂科学饲养提供技术支撑。【方法】根据蜜蜂生物学特性和仿生学原理,设计一种食品级塑料空心工蜂巢础,在空心巢房位置设计有与其对接的托虫器(或单个托虫器)。当空心巢础造好巢脾后,让蜂王在巢脾上产卵,取出托虫器(或单个托虫器)并安装在底座带孔的王台上,即可进行蜂王浆生产(或育王)。利用改进设计后的第10代免移虫蜂王产卵器,以意大利蜜蜂(Apis mellifera ligustica)为试验材料,检验第10代蜜蜂免移虫技术在蜂王浆生产和人工培育蜂王中的可行性。首先利用有分蜂热蜂群紧缩巢脾,让工蜂造好10—12张人工塑料空心巢础脾,再进行免移虫产浆和免移虫育王试验。免移虫产浆试验主要测定单王群、双王群、多王群(4只蜂王)的产卵率,以及产浆时王台接受率;免移虫育王试验采用单王群产卵6 h,同时以人工移虫育王为对照,比较免移虫以卵育王和人工移虫育王两种方法培育的蜂王初生重和卵巢管数差异。【结果】工蜂能在人工塑料空心工蜂巢础上造好完整的巢脾,同时蜂王可在造好的巢脾上产卵。单王群产卵、双王群产卵、多王群(4只蜂王)产卵的产卵率分别为91.24%、92.45%和91.29%,产浆时王台接受率分别为91.12%、92.63%和90.19%,三者均不存在显著性差异(P>0.05);免移虫以卵育王和人工移虫育王两种方法培育的蜂王初生重分别为(256.31±3.75)mg和(243.43±2.05)mg,单侧卵巢管数分别为(163.87±9.40)条和(154.77±6.74)条,两者均存在显【Objective】 In the beekeeping industry, beekeepers need to conduct artificial larvae grafting either for royal jelly harvesting or for rearing queens artificially. Artificially grafting larvae requires beekeepers to have good eyesight and high proficiency. Especially with the increase of labor cost and the aging of beekeepers, artificially grafting larvae is a technical limitation that needs to be solved in the production of beekeeping. Under the support of the National Bee Industry Technology System for ten consecutive years, our team has been engaged in the research of non-grafting larvae technology. The objective of this study is to remove the limitation of artificially grafting larvae and to provide technical support for scientific beekeeping.【Method】Based on the biological characteristics of bees and the principle of bionics, a food-grade plastic worker comb foundation with regular holes was designed. The holes in the plastic worker comb foundation allow the assembly of larvae supporting devices or single queen cell bases. The idea was to assemble the hollow plastic worker comb foundation and the larvae supporting device or queen cell bases together to make a complete comb foundation firstly, and then to let the workers build the comb. Next, the queen is allowed to lay eggs in the cells of the comb. This is followed by removing the larvae supporting device or queen cell bases and assembling them into the queen cell bar with regular holes. In this way, royal jelly production or breeding queens can be achieved. This study tested the feasibility of the improved 10 th generation of the non-grafting larvae technique of royal jelly harvesting and rearing queens, using the Italian bee（Apis mellifera ligustica） as the experimental system. Firstly, the number of combs in a colony which is about to swarm was reduced, and then the workers were allowed to build 10-12 pieces of combs based on the hollow plastic comb foundation, then the effect of royal jelly harvesting or rearing queens without larvae graftin

关 键 词：蜜蜂 免移虫 蜂王浆生产 蜂王培育 

分 类 号：S894[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]