论民事“执行和解”制度以“复杂性”化简为视角  

Study on the System of Reconciliation in Civil Enforcement:From the Perspective of the Simplification of Complexity

作　　者：陈杭平[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院

出　　处：《中外法学》2018年第5期1222-1236,共15页Peking University Law Journal

摘　　要：民事"执行和解"制度源自1982年《民事诉讼法(试行)》起草者对执行"说服教育"原则的创造性变通。它为受困于执行资源不足的全国法院提供了一种结案"出口"。随着中国社会进入"过度复杂性"阶段,以及社会复杂性不经有效过滤便输入执行程序,执行和解成为化简复杂性的独特程序装置。但受其"半结构化、低制度化"的制度样式的制约,执行和解制度的化简功能远不尽如人意,既产生了"双高"现象,又不时造成办案难度的不减反增。在"主要效力"理论的指引下,一方面应对社会事实保持认知的开放,另一方面对执行和解制度进行完善,以形成相对完整、复杂的规范结构,从而更好地化简复杂性及服务于解决"执行难"。The system of reconciliation in civil enforcement,in which the parties are allowed to reach a settlement agreement before the judgement is executed, originated in the Civil Procedure Law 1982 （for trial implementation）. It was treated as a replacement of the ＂Persuasion and Education Principle＇by the legislators. The legislators aimed to provide Chinese courts, who had suffered a serious shortage of judi cial resources, with a specific way-out for civil enforcement cases. As the social complexity of Chinese society had cast its role in the civil enforcement procedure, the system, as a unique procedural setting, was born and shaped to reduce the cases＇ complexity. Contrary to their expectations, however, since the system fell short of structurization and institutionalization, the high rate of reconciliation agreements reached coincided with an equally high rate of failure to perform those agreements, and the system seemed to make cases even more complicated than before, after vain attempts to seek for reconciliation. Based on the ＂main effect＂ theory, this paper proposes to improve the system of reconciliation in civil en-forcement through the lens of Niklas Luhmann＇s theory of cognitive openness to the society. By virtue of this theory, it is possible to Build a mechanism, which may reduce the social complexity to a large extent.

关 键 词：执行和解 说服教育 “复杂性”化简 “主要效力”理论 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]