科学背后的政治竞争:1957年围绕宇称不守恒理论的国际争夺战  

The Political Competition Behind Science: the International Competition for Parity Non-conservation Theory in 1957

作　　者：黄庆桥[1] HUANG Qing-qiao(School of History ＆ Culture of Science,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学科学史与科学文化研究院,上海200240

出　　处：《科学技术哲学研究》2018年第6期86-91,共6页Studies in Philosophy of Science and Technology

基　　金：上海市"曙光计划"项目"宇称不守恒理论的起源;创立与影响研究"(17SG14)

摘　　要：1957年,在美苏争霸、两大阵营对峙的时代背景下,美国、苏联、新中国、中国台湾地区围绕李政道、杨振宁提出的宇称不守恒理论及其获诺贝尔奖一事,展开了激烈的争夺战。美苏之争,既是一场科学发现优先权之争,更是双方在科学上的一场争霸较量。李、杨二人的中国国籍身份又使中国大陆及台湾地区卷入对李、杨的争取当中。海峡两岸都大力宣传李、杨的科学成就,都争取他们回到己方,都在这一国际科学事件上争夺中国代表权。尽管台湾当局并没有争取到中国代表权,但其坚持一个中国原则的立场却是鲜明而坚定的。In 1957,under the background of the competition for hegemony between the US and the Soviet Union and the confrontation between their two camps,an intense public dispute started over the parity non-conservation theory by Lee Tsung-Dao and Yang Chen-Ning and the Nobel Prize for this. The conquest between the United States and the Soviet Union is not only a struggle for the priority of the discovery,but also for the position in science. The Chinese citizenships of Lee and Yang has also involved the mainland of China and Taiwan in the struggle. Both sides fought to be on behalf of China in the international science field by promoting the scientific achievements of Lee and Yang and winning them back. It turned out that Taiwan authorities lost finally,but it still held the principle of ＂One China＂unequivocally and firmly.

关 键 词：李政道 杨振宁 宇称不守恒理论 诺贝尔奖 

分 类 号：N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]