基于唯物主义一元论对科学“第三条道路”的分析与批判——兼评鲁伯特的《从唯物主义中解放科学》  

The Analysis and Criticism on the Third Roads of Science Based on the Materialist Monism——A Comment on Rupert Sheldralce's“Setting Science Free From Materialism”

作　　者：蒋显荣[1,2] 杨柳[1] JIANG Xian-rong;YANG Liu(Philosophy Department,Changsha University of Science ＆ Technology,Changsha 410114,China;Research Center of Social Governance Innovation,Changsha University of Science ＆ Technology,Changsha 410114,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学哲学系,长沙410114 [2]长沙理工大学社会治理创新研究中心,长沙410114

出　　处：《科学技术哲学研究》2018年第6期98-105,共8页Studies in Philosophy of Science and Technology

基　　金：2018年湖南省社科基金重大项目"学习贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的方法论研究"(1718ZDAM10)

摘　　要：即使有了脑成像,脑细胞基因组排序,研究者仍难以用纯物理原理或纯化学原理来解释意识。一些科学家、哲学家开始动摇唯物主义信条,认为意识不是纯物质现象,应求助二元论、泛灵论、唯心主义来做补充解释。英国哲学家鲁伯特认为唯物主义和二元论都具有各自的合理性,应该辩证地结合起来,走"第三条道路"。理由是二元论的合理性、立法的基础、唯物主义之间的悖论、哲学家的分化。尽管前沿和大胆猜想,"第三条道路"缺乏必要的科学基础,仍是哲学层面的思辨,它不得不又回归到意识客观普遍性的常规性证明。虽然借助了现代科学,意识客观普遍性的哲学证明和科学证明存在逻辑问题。从辩证唯物主义一元论角度分析"第三条道路",有助于挖掘对意识的能动性、主动性的理解。Even with brain imaging and sequencing of brain cell genomes,it is still difficult for researchers to explain consciousness with pure physical principles or pure chemical principles. Some scientists and philosophers began to shake the materialistic creed： since consciousness is not a pure physical phenomenon,we should turn to dualism,Panpsychism and idealism to supplement an explanation. Rupert,a British philosopher,thinks that materialism and dualism have their own rationality. They should combine together dialectically and take ＂the third way＂.The reason lies in the rationality of dualism,the foundation of legislation,the paradox between materialism and the differentiation of philosophers. Despite the frontier and bold conjectures,the ＂third way＂lacks the necessary scientific basis and is still philosophical speculation. It has to return to the conventional proof of the objective universality of consciousness. With the aid of modern science,there is still logical problems in the philosophical proof and scientific proof of the objective universality of consciousness. The analysis of Neo dualism from the perspective of dialectical materialism helps to extend the understanding of the initiative of consciousness.

关 键 词：唯物主义 泛灵论 鲁伯特 第三条道路 二元论唯物主义 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]