简评历史上对梁漱溟乡村建设的几次批判  

A Brief Comment on the Critiques to Liang Shuming's Rural Construction in History

作　　者：朱汉国[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学历史学院,北京100875

出　　处：《历史教学（下半月）》2018年第11期10-18,共9页History Teaching

基　　金：北京师范大学自主科研基金项目"民国时期华北乡村社会研究"(批准号:SKZZY2015044)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：历史上对梁漱溟乡村建设的几次批判,实际上反映了人们对改造中国、建设中国不同的认知。独立评论派对梁漱溟乡村建设的批判,反映了人们"以工立国",还是"以农立国"的论争;中国农村派对梁漱溟乡村建设的批判,反映了人们在改造中国问题,走革命道路,还是改良道路的分歧;1950年代人们对梁漱溟乡村建设的批判,虽方法略显粗暴,但在贯彻过渡时期总路线的大背景下发生,实际上反映了人们对实现中国工业化的期盼。客观地说,人们在批判梁漱溟的过程中,把梁漱溟的乡村建设理论认定为"反动的"或"复古的"的结论,是欠科学的;人们把梁漱溟的乡村建设工作看作一无是处,也是欠公允的。若结合中国当时特定的历史背景,应当承认,梁漱溟的乡村建设,从本旨上说,是以改造乡村社会为基调,以建设现代中国为目标的。Several criticisms of Liang Shuming＇s rural construction in history have actually reflected people＇s different perceptions of remolding china and building China. Independent Review＇s comments indicate the debate on which sector should China depend on to realize modernization industry or agriculture？ And the criticism coming from China Rural Group is a reflection of the divergence that we should take the way of revolution or reformism while remolding china. In the 1950s, the means to criticize Liang Shuming＇s rural construction was slightly simple and crude, but according to the historical background of the general line of interim period, it is indeed to reveal people＇s expectations for realizing industrialization. Objectively speaking, it is unscientific for people to regard Liang Shuming＇s rural construction theory as ＂reactionary＂ or ＂retro＂ in the process of criticizing Liang Shuming. Meanwhile, it is also unfair to consider Liang Shuming＇ s rural construction works as useless. Considering the specific historical background of China at that time,we should admit that Liang Shuming＇s rural construction essentially regards reforming rural society as the keynote, aiming at building modern China.

关 键 词：梁漱溟 乡村建设批判 独立评论派 中国农村派 

分 类 号：K02[历史地理—历史学]