主流厌氧氨氧化工艺的运行优化及其微生物的群落变迁  

Optimization of the Mainstream Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation Process and Its Changes of the Microbial Community

作　　者：付昆明 付巢 李慧 姜姗 仇付国 曹秀芹 FU Kun-ming;FU Chao;LI Hui;JIANG Shan;QIU Fu-guo;CAO Xiu-qin(Sino-Dutch R＆D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment,Key Laboratory of Urban Storm water System and Water Environment,School of Environment and Energy Engineering,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京建筑大学环境与能源工程学院城市雨水系统与水环境教育部重点实验室中-荷污水处理技术研发中心,北京100044

出　　处：《环境科学》2018年第12期5596-5604,共9页Environmental Science

基　　金：北京建筑大学市属高校基本科研业务费专项(X18214);北京市教育委员会科技发展计划项目(SQKM201710016006)

摘　　要：通过高氨氮污水驯化成熟的CANON生物膜反应器处理低氨氮污水,试验分为3个阶段:(1)连续曝气无机配水阶段(0~59 d),曝气量30 m L·min-1,调整氨氮浓度为80 mg·L^(-1),厌氧氨氧化脱氮效率较低,第56 d时,TN去除负荷仅为0. 13kg·(m^3·d)^(-1).(2)连续曝气生活污水阶段(60~110 d),有机碳源的进入使得CANON反应器在79 d时TN去除负荷提升至0. 22 kg·(m^3·d)^(-1).(3)由于DO浓度较低,其氨氮去除率仅为75%,为进一步提高氨氮和TN的去除效果,第110 d时,进入间歇曝气生活污水阶段(110~160 d),提高曝气量为50 m L·min-1,曝气30 min,停曝30 min,第131 d时,氨氮去除率提高至86. 34%,TN去除率和去除负荷分别达到85. 87%和0. 30 kg·(m^3·d)^(-1),这说明间歇曝气策略可以提升CANON反应器的脱氮性能.同时在试验开始前(0d)、连续曝气无机配水阶段(56 d)和间歇曝气生活污水阶段(152 d)时分别取样进行了高通量测序,分析不同阶段的微生物群落变化,结果表明:(1)Candidatus Brocadia相比Candidatus Kuenenia在低氨氮无机配水和生活污水阶段中受影响较小;(2)Nitrosomonas和Nitrospira分别为AOB和NOB的优势菌种,生活污水阶段对Nitrosomonas影响较大,对Nitrospira影响较小;(3)反硝化菌属始终存在CANON反应器中,其中假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、副球菌属(Paracoccus)适应性最强,但各阶段相对丰度均不超过0. 5%.The completely autotrophic ammonium removal over nitrite（CANON） biofilm reactor acclimated by high-strength ammonia wastewater was used to treat low-strength ammonia wastewater. The treatment can be divided into three stages： ① the nitrogen removal efficiency of anaerobic ammonia oxidation was low during the continuous aeration stage with inorganic wastewater as raw water （0-59 d） and with an aeration amount of 30 mL.min 1 and ammonia concentration of 80 mg· L^-1 （ until day 56） , the TN removal load was only 0. 13 kg·（ m^3 d）^ -1② during the continuous aeration stage with domestic wastewater as raw water （60-110 d） , the addition of organic carbon improved the TN removal load to 0. 22 kg· （m^3· d） -1 on day 79; the removal rate of NH4 -N then reached 100% when the aeration volume improved to 100 mL·min^-1 on day 103; however, the TN removal efficiency and TN removal load decreased to 42.36% and 0. 14 kg·（m^3 ·d）^-1, respectively. ③To increase both the NH4^ -N and TN removal efficiency during the intermittent aeration stage with domestic wastewater as raw water （ 110-160 d） , the aeration amount was increased to 50 mL＂ min-1 , while aeration was continued for 30 min and was stopped for the next 30 min; on day 131 , the NH4＋ -N removal efficiency increased to 86.34% , the TN removal efficiency and removal load reached 85.87% and 0. 3 kg· （m^3 · d） -1 respectively; on day 141 , the aeration was increased to 100 mL·min^-l and the removal efficiency of NH4＋ -N reached 100% , while the removal efficiency and removal load of TN were 64.28% and 0.22 kg·（m^3·d）^-1, respectively, indicating that the intermittent aeration strategy effectively improves the nitrogen removal performance of the CANON reactor. To analyze the variation of the microbial community during different stages, the samples of three stages （0, 56, and 152 d） were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing technology. The results show that：①Candidatus Brocadia is less affected than C

关 键 词：全程自养脱氮(CANON) 生活污水 间歇曝气 厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX) 反硝化菌 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X703.1