论十七世纪江南地理环境与文化世族  

On the Geographical Environment and Cultural Clans of the Southern Yangtze in the Seventeenth Century

作　　者：姚蓉[1] YAO Rong(College of Liberal Arts,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China)

机构地区：[1]上海大学文学院,上海200444

出　　处：《临沂大学学报》2018年第6期16-30,共15页Journal of Linyi University

基　　金：上海市浦江人才计划资助项目"上海地区文化世族与文学发展研究"(12PJC015)

摘　　要：十七世纪的江南,按照明清时人的观念,主要范围包括苏州、松江、常州、镇江、江宁(应天)、杭州、嘉兴、湖州八府。其总体地域特征是多"水",具有地多膏壤、农桑之业甚裕,水网纵横、商贾之业发达,湖山嘉丽、自然环境优越的特点。江南之民仁柔,历来不乏退隐避世的传统,但是随着明末政治腐败的加剧,江南人也显示出倔强、血性的一面,具有"兼济天下"的勇气和行动力。明代中后期,江南经济极度繁荣,世风奢华,但经过战火的摧残,繁华、富庶的江南迅速凋敝。十七世纪江南文化世族分为官宦型文化世族和才艺型文化世族,不少世族是二者相结合的类型。文化世族数量排在前三位的是苏州府、松江府、常州府,苏州府以科举取胜,松江府以文学取胜,常州府以学术取胜。其时文化世族的兴盛,是地理环境、地域文化与居于其中的世族相互促进,互惠共赢的结果。The Southern Yangtze in the 17th century, as in the notion of people in the Ming and Qing dynasties, covered eight prefectures, namely Suzhou, Songjiang, Changzhou, Zhenjiang, Jiangning （the then Yingtian district）, Hangzhou, Jiaxing and Huzhou. Blessed with abundant water as its overall geographical characteristic, the land in this region is fertile, thus ensuring its advantage in farming and sericulmre, water network, business and trade, as well as in a favorable natural environment. People in the Southern Yangtze have had the tradition of retreating from the world, but as the political corruption in the late Ming Dynasty aggravated, the people there also proved them to be recalcitrant and had the courage to act with a sense of responsibility to the people and world. In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the economy in the Southern Yangtze was extremely prosperous and the general mood of the then society there was luxurious, however, after the destructive war, the prosperous land quickly languished. In the 17th century, there were official cultural clans and talent cultural clans in the Southern Yangtze, with many a clan a combination of the two. The prefectures of Suzhou, Songjiang and Changzhou listed top three in the number of cultural clans. Among them, Suzhou was famous for its imperial examinations, Songjiang literature and Changzhou academic achievements. At that time, the prosperity of cultural clans was attributable to the mutual promotion and mutual benefit between the geographical environment, regional culture and the clans living in them.

关 键 词：十七世纪 江南 自然地理 人文地理 文化世族 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]