现代汉语高频字取象溯源:指事字取象的稳定性及其应用价值  

The Origin of Frequently-used Chinese Characters’ Quxiang:The Stability of Self-explanatory Characters’ Quxiang and Its Application

作　　者：张玉梅[1] 沈涛 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学人文学院

出　　处：《世界华文教学》2018年第1期163-179,共17页

基　　金：上海市教育委员会科研创新项目——重点项目“汉字取象研究”(项目号:13ZS015);上海交通大学2016人文社科学术领域文化专项项目“域外汉籍(《世说笺本》等)研究”的阶段性成果

摘　　要：本文主要讨论了48个高频指事字的造字取象及其实用价值。这48个高频字取自国家语言文字工作委员会发布的《中国语言生活状况报告（2005下）》的＂表1报纸、广播电视、网络用字总表＂的前606字（它们的累加频率为80%）。在历史的发展演变中,这些汉字在取象和六书上存在保留、转移、讹变等不同现象。本文利用甲骨文、金文等古文字材料对这类现象进行了详细梳理,进而得出结论：指事字的取象主流具有绝对的稳定性,常常使用物形法、意形法、借形法等取象法,简化字也有意回归古文字的取象和简体,只有少数字的取象尚无定论或者模糊了。对汉字取象的溯源有助于汉字的教学实践,减少书写错误,更能避免曲解传统文化。We selected 48 frequently-used self-explanatory Chinese characters from Report on Chinese Language Life （2005） published by State Language Commission. As time went these characters have either been reserved, transferred of undergone transfer erroneous transformation, which are determined by the theory of Quxiang （the rules of Chinese-character-building） and Liushu. Through the comparison between ancient characters and modern simplified characters, the result reveals that most characters keep stable in terms of font that derives from its shape or meaning, as well as borrows original glyphs. Meanwhile, we conclude that some simplified characters deliberately regress to the ancient font and some remain indefinite or vague. Our research of the self-explanatory character can assist to the teaching of Chinese for non-native speakers by reducing clerical errors, to promote the accurate understandings of both Chinese language and culture.

关 键 词：指事字 高频字 取象 六书 

分 类 号：TP391[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]