微型客车某款发动机的噪声源识别与结构改进  

Noise Source Identification and Structure Improvement of the Engine of a Micro Passenger Vehicle

作　　者：赵海军 梁凯 李洪亮[3] 宋伟志 张玉书[1] 周辉 ZHAO Haijun;LIANG Kai;LI Hongliang;SONG Weizhi;ZHANG Yushu;ZHOU Hui(College of Automobile and Transportation,Tianjin University of Technology and Education,Tianjin 300222,China;Department of Mechanical Engineering,Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471023,Henan China;Automotive Engineering Research Institute,China Automotive Technology ＆ Research Center Co.Ltd.,Tianjin 300300,China)

机构地区：[1]天津职业技术师范大学汽车与交通学院,天津300222 [2]洛阳理工学院机械工程学院,河南洛阳471023 [3]中国汽车技术研究中心有限公司汽车工程研究院,天津300300

出　　处：《噪声与振动控制》2018年第6期80-84,90,共6页Noise and Vibration Control

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(U1604141)

摘　　要：随着微型客车的广泛使用和产品的激烈竞争,噪声问题显得更加突出。采用整车的分别运行法识别出某款微型客车常用发动机排气噪声、发动机燃烧噪声、发动机机械噪声、变速器噪声及其它噪声源噪声,通过发动机台架声强测试、发动机悬架及油底壳振动测试发现,油底壳是发动机噪声的主要辐射源,根据消声器插入损失试验结果发现消声器有很大的改进空间。为此对消声器和发动机油底壳进行结构改进,消声器改进后的消声量和原结构相比大幅提高,最大约28 dB(A),最小也有20 dB(A),而改进后油底壳的各阶模态频率都有不同幅度的提高,尤其1阶、6阶都增大50%以上,即使增加幅度最小的3、4阶也有10.6%的提高。改进后车外行驶加速噪声由78 dB(A)降到73.5 dB(A),车内噪声品质主观评价也显著改善。With wide application and hot competition of micro passenger vehicles, noise problem becomes more and more prominent. In this paper, a respective operating method of the whole vehicle is used to identify exhausting noise, combustion noise, mechanical noise of engine, transmission noise and the noises of other noise sources. Through the sound intensity measurement on an engine bench and the vibration measurement of the engine suspension and the engine oil pan, it is found that the oil pan is the main engine noise source. The test results of muffler insertion loss indicate that the muffler has a great room for improvement. Therefore, the structures of the muffler and the oil pan are improved and the insertion loss is greatly raised in comparison with the original muffler structure. The maximum insertion loss is about 28 dB（A） and the minimum is 20 dB（A） after the improvement. And each mode frequency of the improved oil pan has different increases, especially the first and sixth order modal frequencies have more than 50 % advance and the minimum increase is 10.6 % for the third and fourth order modal frequencies. After the improvement, the acceleration noise outside the vehicle decreases from 78 dB （A） to 73.5 dB （A） and the internal noise subjective evaluation is also improved significantly.

关 键 词：振动与波 噪声源识别 发动机 结构改进 插入损失 

分 类 号：U464[机械工程—车辆工程]